Papers

61,005 results
|
Article Tier 2

Role of Structural Morphology of Commodity Polymers in Microplastics and Nanoplastics Formation: Fragmentation, Effects and Associated Toxicity in the Aquatic Environment

This review examines how the structural morphology and chemical composition of commodity polymers influence the formation and environmental behaviour of microplastics and nanoplastics, arguing that chemical degradation pathways have been largely overlooked in favour of purely physical abrasion explanations for plastic fragmentation.

2021 Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 9 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastic Generation from Secondary PE Microplastics: Microorganism-Induced Fragmentation

Researchers found that microorganisms accelerate the fragmentation of secondary polyethylene microplastics into nanoplastics through enzymatic and mechanical processes, suggesting biological activity is a significant driver of nanoplastic generation in marine environments.

2022 Microplastics 39 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of polypropylene : proportion of microplastics formed and assessment of their density.

Researchers quantified the proportion of microplastics generated during UV-driven degradation of polypropylene and assessed changes in chemical composition caused by photooxidation. The study found that UV exposure progressively fragments polypropylene and alters its surface chemistry, affecting subsequent environmental behavior and toxicity.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Fragmentation of polymer nanocomposites: modulation by dry and wet weathering, fractionation, and nanomaterial filler

Environmental weathering of polymer nanocomposites — plastics embedded with carbon nanotubes, graphene, or inorganic nanoparticles — causes them to fragment and release both microplastics and engineered nanomaterials. This dual release creates complex mixtures of contaminants with unknown combined effects on ecosystems and human health.

2020 Environmental Science Nano 36 citations
Article Tier 2

Degradation of polypropylene : proportion of microplastics formed and assessment of their density.

This study quantified microplastic formation during UV degradation of polypropylene and characterized the chemical changes in the polymer structure caused by photooxidation. UV exposure was shown to generate new particles and alter chemical composition in ways that may change microplastic toxicity and environmental behavior.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Evaluation of the degradation from micro to nanoplastics from biodegradable bags in marine conditions

Researchers evaluated how biodegradable plastic bags degrade into micro- and nanoplastics under environmental conditions, comparing them to conventional plastics. The study found that even biodegradable materials generate persistent micro- and nanoplastic particles under real-world conditions.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Microbial Plastic Degradation: A Solution or a Pollution Problem?

Researchers examined how polymer microstructure influences the formation of micro- and nanoplastics, highlighting that microbial degradation may be an underappreciated driver of plastic fragmentation and urging caution before widely promoting microbial mitigation technologies.

2025 ACS Sustainable Resource Management
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics impact on marine biota: A review

Researchers reviewed the emerging toxicological literature on nanoplastics in marine ecosystems, distinguishing primary nanoplastics (manufactured at nanoscale) from secondary nanoplastics (fragmented from larger debris), and summarizing how nanoscale size changes particle reactivity and bioavailability in ways that differ substantially from their macro- and microscale counterparts.

2021 Environmental Pollution 213 citations
Article Tier 2

Polyethylene plastic degradation: The dual pathways from macroplastics to nanoplastics

Researchers traced the dual degradation pathways of polyethylene from large plastic items down to microplastics and eventually nanoplastics, mapping both mechanical fragmentation and chemical oxidation routes. Understanding the full breakdown continuum helps quantify how much of the plastic mass ends up as invisible nanoscale particles.

2025 Journal of Hazardous Materials 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Size-dependent long-term weathering converting floating polypropylene macro- and microplastics into nanoplastics in coastal seawater environments

Researchers found that floating polypropylene plastics of different sizes undergo long-term weathering in coastal seawater, with particle size decreasing by over 99% after accelerated UV exposure, demonstrating a size-dependent pathway for converting macroplastics into nanoplastics.

2023 Water Research 52 citations
Article Tier 2

Elaborating more realistic model microplastics by simulating polypropylene's environmental ageing

This study developed more realistic model microplastics by simulating the environmental aging of polypropylene, producing laboratory particles with surface chemistry, roughness, and density closer to field-collected environmental microplastics.

2024 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 5 citations
Article Tier 2

Evaluation of the degradation from micro to nanoplastics from biodegradable bags in marine conditions

Researchers evaluated how biodegradable plastic bags degrade from the micro to nano scale under environmental conditions, testing whether commercial biodegradable plastics fully decompose or generate persistent nanoplastic particles. Results showed biodegradable bags produced nanoplastic particles during degradation, challenging the assumption that biodegradable label guarantees complete environmental breakdown.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Synthesis of model polyethylene particles for the study of nanoplastics in the oceans

Researchers synthesized model polyethylene nanoplastic particles to serve as reference materials for studying the behavior and fate of nanoplastics in ocean environments, addressing the gap created by the lack of standardized particles representative of naturally fragmented marine plastic debris.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Novel Acumens into Biodegradation: Impact of Nanomaterials and Their Contribution

This review examines how nanomaterials can enhance the biodegradation of pollutants, including plastics, in the environment. Nanomaterial-assisted biodegradation offers a potential strategy for accelerating the breakdown of plastic waste before it fragments into microplastics.

2021 IntechOpen eBooks 4 citations
Review Tier 2

Environmental Degradation of Plastic Composites with Natural Fillers—A Review

Researchers examined the environmental degradation of polymer composites containing natural fillers, finding that exposure to outdoor conditions accelerates biodegradation of natural components and alters the mechanical properties of the composite material. The degradation process can generate microplastic fragments as the matrix breaks down.

2020 Polymers 214 citations
Article Tier 2

Environmental Fate, Behavior, and Risk Management Approaches of Nanoplastics in the Environment

Researchers reviewed the environmental fate, behavior, and risk management of nanoplastics, which are plastic particles smaller than one micrometer. The study suggests that nanoplastics may pose greater environmental and health risks than larger microplastics due to their nanoscale properties, though significant knowledge gaps remain about their transport, transformation, and long-term ecological effects.

2024 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Nano-plastics and their analytical characterisation and fate in the marine environment: From source to sea

Researchers reviewed the sources, environmental fate, organism interactions, and analytical detection methods for nano-sized plastic polymers in the marine environment, concluding that nanoplastics pose the greatest ecological risk among plastic size fractions and that standardized analytical protocols for nanoplastic characterization are urgently needed.

2020 The Science of The Total Environment 142 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanostructural changes in commodity polyethylene during environmental exposure

Researchers studied how polyethylene plastic packaging degrades at the molecular level during environmental exposure, finding that structural stress built up during manufacturing makes the material more prone to fragmentation. Understanding how plastics break apart is key to predicting microplastic generation rates.

2021 Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 1 citations
Article Tier 2

Obtaining and Preliminary Characterization of Some Polyethylene Composites with Nickel-Silver Ferrite Filler

Researchers developed composite materials by blending low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with a metallic filler to create plastic composites with improved physical and dielectric properties. While this paper is about plastic material development rather than pollution, understanding how plastic composites behave under environmental conditions is relevant to predicting their fragmentation into microplastics.

2021 Materiale Plastice 2 citations
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics in aquatic environments: Origin, separation and characterization: Review

This review covers the origins, separation methods, and characterization of nanoplastics in aquatic environments. Nanoplastics (1–100 nm) are particularly concerning because their tiny size gives them a large surface area for adsorbing pollutants and allows them to penetrate biological barriers more easily than larger microplastics.

2023 Tehnika
Article Tier 2

The Challenge of the Analysis of Nanoplastics in the Environment: Current Status and Perspectives

This review examines the analytical challenges of detecting and characterising nanoplastics in environmental samples, presenting the state of the art in size determination, chemical composition analysis, and quantification techniques, as well as a survey of nanoplastic model materials used in the literature.

2022
Article Tier 2

Nanoplastics: A Complex, Polluting Terra Incognita

This study discusses nanoplastics as a complex and poorly understood class of environmental pollutants, highlighting the significant knowledge gaps in understanding their sources, fate, and ecological impacts.

2021 Environmental Science & Technology 101 citations
Article Tier 2

Synthesis of model polyethylene particles for the study of nanoplastics in the oceans

Researchers developed a synthesis method for model polyethylene particles designed to replicate the physicochemical properties of naturally degraded nanoplastics in the ocean, addressing the need for environmentally representative reference materials for studying nanoplastic behavior in marine systems.

2024 Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Article Tier 2

Facile nanoplastics formation from macro and microplastics in aqueous media

This study examined how nanoplastics form from larger macro- and microplastics in aqueous environments, finding that mechanical and photochemical processes in water accelerate fragmentation beyond what occurs on dry land. The findings help explain nanoplastic abundance in aquatic systems and improve models of plastic environmental fate.

2022 Environmental Pollution 48 citations