Promoting digital transformation in facility agriculture: the role of government policies and digital literacy

Introduction Facility agriculture, as an important part of modern agriculture, is transforming from a traditional model to a digital and intelligent model. Methods In order to accelerate the development of facility agriculture, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model of facility agriculture operating entities, government and consumers based on evolutionary game theory, and simulates and analyzes the influencing factors of the digital transformation of facility agriculture. Results The results show that there is an optimal threshold for government subsidies. Exceeding this threshold will bring a heavy burden to the government's finances, and the subsidy policy is difficult to sustain; government propaganda plays a significant role in promoting facility agriculture operating entities to choose facility agriculture digitalization, but excessive propaganda will also increase the fiscal burden and reduce the enthusiasm of government propaganda; the higher the digital literacy of facility agriculture operating entities, the more inclined they are to digital transformation; in the absence of government subsidies, facility agriculture operating entities need to have higher digital literacy to cope with the risks and challenges in the transformation process. Discussion This study provides theoretical guidance for facility agriculture operating entities to make scientific decisions and provides policy references for the government to develop facility agriculture.