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Exploring the Potential of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Microplastic Detection in Marine Environments: A Review
Summary
This review explores how autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with sensors could detect microplastics directly in the ocean, rather than relying on labor-intensive water sampling. Current detection methods are slow and expensive, making real-time monitoring difficult. Advances in onboard sensing technology could dramatically improve our understanding of where microplastics concentrate in marine environments.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) offer the potential for in-situ microplastic (MP) detection at constant, pre-set depths in marine environments. By carrying onboard MP detectors, AUVs can serve as alternatives to traditional methods of sample collection, processing, and analysis, while also addressing inefficiencies and complexities associated with conventional detection procedures. This study conducts a comprehensive review of existing and potential MP detection methods that can be integrated with AUVs for in-situ detection. In particular, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, this review analyzes selected studies on MP detection using AUVs. It finds that real-time, in-situ MP detection via AUVs or multi-AUV systems remains underdeveloped. Key challenges include deep-sea communication, sensor integration, and underwater durability. The review highlights current advances, research gaps, and future directions for AUV-based MP detection technologies.