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Exploring the Potential of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for Microplastic Detection in Marine Environments: A Systematic Review
Summary
This systematic review explores how autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) could be used to detect microplastics in the ocean in real time, replacing slower traditional sampling methods. While promising, the technology is still developing and faces challenges with sensor accuracy and deep-water operation. Better detection tools like these could help scientists understand how widespread microplastic contamination really is in marine environments.
AUVs offer the potential for in situ MP detection at constant, pre-set depths in marine environments. By carrying onboard MP detectors, AUVs can serve as alternatives to traditional methods of sample collection, processing, and analysis, while also addressing the inefficiencies and complexities associated with conventional detection procedures. This study conducts a comprehensive review of existing and potential MP detection methods that can be integrated with AUVs for in situ detection. In particular, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, this review analyzes selected studies on MP detection using AUVs. It finds that real-time, in situ MP detection via AUVs or multi-AUV systems remains underdeveloped. Key challenges include deep-sea communication, sensor integration, and underwater durability. The review highlights the current advances, research gaps, and future directions for AUV-based MP detection technologies.