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Unraveling microplastics release in bottled water under in-vehicle conditions using carbon quantum dots

Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025 2 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Jie Hu, Yihua Wu, Yihua Wu, Jiale Wang, Zhaoying Li, Jiajia Fan, Jiajia Fan, Yaohui Jin, Guanyu Zhou, Baicang Liu

Summary

Researchers developed a new detection method using fluorescent carbon quantum dots to measure microplastic release from PET water bottles stored under hot, sunlit conditions similar to a parked car. They found that bottles exposed to simulated vehicle conditions for 28 days released up to 10 parts per million of microplastics, with heat and sunlight accelerating plastic degradation. The study warns that leaving bottled water in hot cars significantly increases microplastic contamination of the water inside.

Polymers

Exposure of plastic cups/bottles to high temperature and sunlight results in the release of microplastics (MPs), raising significant health and environmental concerns. This study established a novel, quantitative detection framework of MPs from bottled water with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging stored under in-vehicle thermal and sunlight stress. Leveraging ethylene glycol-derived carbon quantum dots (EG-CQDs) as fluorescent probes, the study addressed limitations in traditional MPs detection by achieving high sensitivity (LOD: 0.15 ppm), operational simplicity, and compatibility with ionic matrices. Our findings confirmed that EG-CQDs exhibit size-independent stability and sensitivity for PET detection, with fluorescence intensity correlating linearly (R >0.9) across two concentration ranges: 0-0.5 ppm and 0.5-50 ppm. By combining controlled vehicle exposure simulations with optical, chemical, and morphological analyses, this study revealed that prolonged sunlight and heat accelerated PET degradation, producing up to 10.03 ppm MPs within 28 days. Findings provide mechanistic insight into CQDs-PET interactions, validate the dual role of photothermal degradation, and contextualize environmental risks of bottled water misuse in transport scenarios.

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