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Greenspaces can reduce the level of airborne microplastic contamination in urban environments: Evidence from a lichen biomonitoring study

Environmental Research 2025 2 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 58 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Stefano Loppi, Mehriban Jafarova, Carmelina Spanò, Mehriban Jafarova, Carmelina Spanò, Mehriban Jafarova, Carolina Stringa Basile, Carolina Stringa Basile, Mehriban Jafarova, Mehriban Jafarova, Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Carmelina Spanò, Mehriban Jafarova, Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Mehriban Jafarova, Mehriban Jafarova, Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Stefano Loppi, Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Luca Paoli, Julian Aherne Carmelina Spanò, Stefano Loppi, Carmelina Spanò, Carmelina Spanò, Julian Aherne Jacob Wyonch, Jacob Wyonch, Stefano Loppi, Julian Aherne Julian Aherne Stefano Loppi, Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Stefano Loppi, Julian Aherne Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Julian Aherne Stefano Loppi, Stefano Loppi, Carmelina Spanò, Stefano Loppi, Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Carmelina Spanò, Carmelina Spanò, Stefano Loppi, Stefano Loppi, Zuzana Fačkovcová, Stefano Loppi, Luca Paoli, Julian Aherne Stefano Loppi, Julian Aherne

Summary

Researchers used lichen transplants to monitor airborne microplastic levels in the city of Pisa, Italy, comparing parking lots, urban parks, and rural areas. They found that parking lots had roughly eight times more microplastics than rural sites, while urban parks showed intermediate levels, indicating that green spaces help buffer airborne plastic contamination. The study suggests that urban greenspaces can meaningfully reduce residents' exposure to airborne microplastics.

Microplastics (MPs) have been found across a variety of environments, nonetheless few studies have evaluated atmospheric MPs. In this study, airborne MP contamination was investigated using transplants of the fruticose lichen Evernia prunastri in urban sites. Lichen transplants were exposed for seven weeks (April to June 2023) in parking lots (n = 9) and urban parks (n = 9) in the city of Pisa (Tuscany, Central Italy); in parallel, native samples from rural areas (n = 4) were also investigated. The overall aim was the characterization of MPs in terms of number, shape, size and polymer composition under different environmental conditions. Further, the positive role of green urban areas in buffering atmospheric MPs was assessed. We found MPs, including fragments, fibres and tyre wear particles, across all sites. The average number of MPs (per gram dry weight of lichen) significantly increased from rural areas (2 ± 0.4 MP/g dw) to urban parks (7 ± 1.1 MP/g dw) and parking lots (16 ± 4.1 MP/g dw). Average daily MP deposition rates across sites in urban areas was in the range of 12-143 MP/m/d, suggesting that inhabitants are exposed to varying levels of airborne MPs. There was no difference in the length of the fibres between parking lots and urban parks; however, longer fragments and shorter tyre wear particles were found in parking lots. Polyethylene terephthalate was the dominant polymer detected across sites. The transplants maintained their overall vitality after the exposure (assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence emission analysis), similar to native samples from rural areas, suggesting that the exposure had a negligible effect on lichen metabolism. Overall, our results suggest that lichen transplants are effective biomonitors of atmospheric MPs in urban areas, and that the presence of greenspaces (parks) in urban environments can significantly buffer the level of atmospheric MPs.

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