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Epoxy-Based Chain Extenders in Polylactic Acid (PLA): A Comprehensive Review of Structure, Performance, and Challenges
Summary
This review comprehensively examines epoxy-based chain extenders as promising additives for enhancing the mechanical performance and biodegradability of polylactic acid. Special emphasis is placed on how these chain extenders improve the structural and functional properties of PLA as part of efforts to develop sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics.
Amid the escalating plastic pollution issue, the development of biodegradable and recyclable polymeric materials has become a focus within the scientific community. Chain extenders, which are an important class of compounds, facilitate the elongation of polymer chains through reactive functional groups, thereby enhancing the performance of the materials. Epoxy-based chain extenders, due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, high reaction efficiency, and effective reactivity with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, have emerged as a promising class of chain extenders. This manuscript comprehensively elaborates on the varieties, structural characteristics, and performance of chain extenders, the challenges they face, and the methods for their modification. Special emphasis is placed on the application of epoxy-based chain extenders in biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), and their subsequent influence on the structural and performance properties of these materials.