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Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFOS) Accumulation in Tissues of Cherax quadricarinatus and Its Toxicity Mechanism
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Researchers exposed freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at environmentally relevant concentrations for 28 days and found accumulation was highest in the hepatopancreas, with transcriptomic analysis revealing that the lysosome signaling pathway was the key mechanism mediating PFOS toxicity.
Perfluoroctane sulfonate (PFOS) is an emerging pollutant widely existing in aquatic environments that has attracted many scholars' attention. Cherax quadricarinatus (C. quadricarinatus) are crustaceans that live in freshwater environments. This study aimed to investigate the long-term toxic exposure effect of PFOS on C. quadricarinatus. Three PFOS environment concentrations (1 ng/L, 100 ng/L, and 10 μg/L) were set for 28 days of exposure to C. quadricarinatus. The results indicated that PFOS was detected in the serum, muscle, and hepatopancreas of the C. quadricarinatus, and the order of accumulation levels was as follows: hepatopancreas > serum > muscle. Furthermore, transcriptomics showed that the function of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PFOS exposure groups was related to biological processes, metabolism, organic system, and immune response. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the lysosome signaling pathway, retinol binding, fructose and mannose metabolism, and glutathione metabolism, etc., and the lysosome signaling pathway was the most significant, which indicated that lysosome signaling pathway is the key pathway for the toxic effects of PFOS on C. quadricarinatus.
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Researchers exposed the freshwater snail Lanistes carinatus to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and documented significant oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and tissue damage, demonstrating that this persistent pollutant poses serious ecotoxicological risks to freshwater invertebrates.
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Researchers exposed clams to polyethylene microplastics of two sizes, with and without adsorbed PFOS, over 14 days to assess accumulation and toxicity. The study found that microplastic ingestion and PFOS accumulation were size-dependent, with both types of microplastics generating reactive oxygen species and disrupting antioxidant systems in gill and digestive gland tissues, confirming that microplastics can act as vectors for persistent chemical pollutants in marine bivalves.
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Marine worms (Hediste diversicolor) were exposed to microplastics and PFOS, a persistent chemical, in sediment for 7 days. Combined exposure increased PFOS buildup in body fluid and caused cell damage, DNA damage, and changes in genes linked to cell death, with effects varying by measurement and chemical dose.
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