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Ecotoxicological Impacts of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on the Freshwater Snail Lanistes carinatus: Oxidative Stress, Neurotoxicity, and Histopathological Alterations
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Researchers exposed the freshwater snail Lanistes carinatus to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and documented significant oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and tissue damage, demonstrating that this persistent pollutant poses serious ecotoxicological risks to freshwater invertebrates.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which is known for its environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, poses substantial impacts to aquatic ecosystems. This study assesses the toxic effects of PFOS in the freshwater snail Lanistes carinatus using biomarkers for antioxidant activity, neurotoxicity, and tissue damage. Snails exposed to PFOS (1, 3, 10 mg/L for 14 days) displayed lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels that increased by 16.3-67.5%, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels that rose by 10.0-58.4%, indicating oxidative damage. Enzyme activities for glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) increased, ranging from 10.0 to 58.3%, 10.0 to 58.4%, and 10.0 to 58.4%, respectively, whereas levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) dropped by 15.0-41.5% and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased by 15.0-41.4%. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was reduced by a range of 15.0-40.0%, suggesting neurotoxic effects. Histopathological changes in the digestive gland were also noted. Further research on the effects of PFOS on mollusks is required, and investigation into sex-specific toxicity is needed. This shed light on L. carinatus as a sentinel species, providing helpful information for the monitoring and regulation of PFOS in aquatic environments.
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Perfluorobutane Sulfonate (PFOS) Accumulation in Tissues of Cherax quadricarinatus and Its Toxicity Mechanism
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Researchers exposed freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at environmentally relevant concentrations for 28 days and found accumulation was highest in the hepatopancreas, with transcriptomic analysis revealing that the lysosome signaling pathway was the key mechanism mediating PFOS toxicity.
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) adsorbed to polyethylene microplastics: Accumulation and ecotoxicological effects in the clam Scrobicularia plana
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Researchers exposed clams to polyethylene microplastics of two sizes, with and without adsorbed PFOS, over 14 days to assess accumulation and toxicity. The study found that microplastic ingestion and PFOS accumulation were size-dependent, with both types of microplastics generating reactive oxygen species and disrupting antioxidant systems in gill and digestive gland tissues, confirming that microplastics can act as vectors for persistent chemical pollutants in marine bivalves.
Dietary consumption of polypropylene microplastics alter the biochemical parameters and histological response in freshwater benthic mollusc Pomacea paludosa
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Researchers exposed freshwater snails (Pomacea paludosa) to polypropylene microplastics through their diet at three concentrations over 28 days and measured biochemical and tissue-level responses. They found significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and histological damage in the digestive gland, with effects worsening at higher concentrations. The study suggests that dietary microplastic exposure can cause oxidative stress and organ damage in freshwater benthic organisms.
Assessment of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and prey-predator interactions in freshwater snails exposed to microplastics
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This conference abstract investigates oxidative stress, nerve damage, DNA damage, and changes in predator-prey behavior in freshwater snails exposed to microplastics, pointing to a broad range of harmful biological effects. Understanding these impacts in aquatic invertebrates matters because they occupy important ecological roles and their exposure to microplastics can have cascading effects through food webs.
Polyethylene Microplastics Affected Survival Rate, Food Intake and Altered Oxidative Stress Parameters in Freshwater Snail Indoplanorbis exustus
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Researchers exposed freshwater snails to various concentrations of low-density polyethylene microplastics and measured the effects on survival and physiology. The study found significant increases in oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation, along with reduced food intake and body weight, at higher concentrations. Evidence indicates that microplastics cause broad physiological impairment in freshwater invertebrates, and affected snails failed to recover even after exposure ended.
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