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Comparative proteomics of native plastic-degrading fungal strains as a tool in the identification of enzymes of biotechnological interest
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This study uses comparative proteomics to characterize the molecular machinery underlying plastic degradation in naturally occurring fungal strains. By profiling protein expression differences across strains with varying degradation activity, it identifies candidate enzymes involved in polymer breakdown. The results provide a basis for engineering more efficient fungal systems for plastic bioremediation.
La contaminación por plásticos, especialmente el polietileno, representa un reto ambiental debido a su resistencia a la degradación y acumulación en ecosistemas terrestres y marinos. Los hongos ofrecen una alternativa para mitigar este problema, gracias a su capacidad de secretar enzimas extracelulares que degradan polímeros complejos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los perfiles proteómicos de dos cepas nativas del género Fusarium para identificar enzimas implicadas en la biodegradación de polietileno. Se realizó la secuenciación genómica de las cepas mediante plataformas Illumina y Nanopore, seguida de ensamblaje híbrido y anotación funcional para identificar genes relacionados con biodegradación de plásticos. Además, se llevaron a cabo cultivos en medios con polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE) como única fuente de carbono durante 30 días, evaluando cambios físicos y químicos en el polímero mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y espectroscopía infrarroja (FTIR). La expresión proteica se analizó con electroforesis en gel SDS-PAGE e identificación por MALDI-TOF. Los resultados confirmaron que Fusarium oxysporum FOCIC01 y FECIC02 poseen genes relacionados con enzimas extracelulares como lacasas, peroxidasas y cutinasas, asociadas a la degradación de polímeros. Los análisis de SEM y FTIR revelaron alteraciones estructurales en el LDPE y la descomposición parcial del polímero. FOCIC01 mostró un perfil proteico más activo en presencia de LDPE, destacando su capacidad degradativa frente a FECIC02. Este estudio aporta algunos de los mecanismos enzimáticos involucrados en la biodegradación de polietileno, con potencial para aplicaciones biotecnológicas en la gestión de residuos plásticos.
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Researchers isolated 12 fungal strains from a Colombian landfill and identified three isolates — belonging to genera including Trichoderma — capable of biodegrading low-density polyethylene (LDPE), highlighting the potential of landfill-derived microorganisms as candidates for plastic biodegradation strategies.
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This proteome analysis study examined protein expression changes in filamentous fungi during polystyrene microplastic biodegradation, identifying upregulated enzymes and metabolic pathways involved in PS polymer breakdown that could inform biotechnology-based plastic degradation strategies.
Identification of metabolic markers in plastic biodegradation by native Fusarium species
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Researchers investigated the biodegradation potential of two native Fusarium fungal strains on low-density polyethylene plastic, identifying metabolic markers and enzymatic pathways involved in LDPE degradation to better understand the mechanisms underlying fungal plastic biodegradation.
Biodegradación de polietileno de baja densidad en suelo con hongos del género Aspergillus sp.
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Researchers tested whether three Aspergillus fungal species could biodegrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic in soil over 30 and 60 days, finding that a consortium of all three species achieved up to 18.45% degradation of thinner LDPE samples within 60 days. These results suggest Aspergillus fungi hold biotechnological potential as a biological strategy to mitigate plastic pollution in soil environments.
Fungal Enzymes Involved in Plastics Biodegradation
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Researchers reviewed the current literature on fungal enzymes capable of degrading various types of plastic polymers. The study cataloged different enzyme classes including laccases, peroxidases, and cutinases, describing their characteristics and efficacy against specific plastics. Evidence indicates that fungi offer a promising biological approach to plastic biodegradation due to their diverse array of enzymes specialized in breaking down recalcitrant substances.
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