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Toward Sustainable Soil Remediation: Progress and Perspectives on Biochar-Activated Persulfate Oxidation
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This review surveys recent advances in sustainable soil remediation strategies, including approaches targeting plastic and microplastic contamination in agricultural and industrial soils. The authors evaluate biological, chemical, and physical methods for effectiveness, scalability, and environmental safety. The paper outlines key research gaps and offers a roadmap for developing remediation technologies that minimize secondary environmental harm.
Organic soil pollution poses a persistent threat to environmental sustainability by disrupting nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. The biochar-activated persulfate (PS)-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) has emerged as a promising strategy for the sustainable remediation of organic-contaminated soils. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the PS-based degradation of organic pollutants, with a particular focus on the role of biochar as an efficient and environmental activator. This review further summarizes advancements in the design of modified biochars, including metal (Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, and La), non-metal (N, S, B, P), and functional group modifications, aimed at enhancing the PS activation efficiency while minimizing secondary environmental risks. Importantly, the overlooked contributions of soil microorganisms in PS/biochar systems are discussed, highlighting their potential to complement chemical oxidation and contribute to eco-compatible remediation pathways. This review emphasizes the sustainability-oriented evolution of PS/biochar technology, highlighting the importance of a cost-efficient implementation, ecological compatibility, and the rational engineering of smart, regenerable catalysts. These insights support the advancement of PS/biochar-based AOPs toward scalable, intelligent, and environmentally sustainable soil remediation.
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Research Progress on the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water by Activated Persulfate Using Biochar-Loaded Nano Zero-Valent Iron
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This review summarizes research on using biochar loaded with nano zero-valent iron to activate persulfate for degrading organic pollutants in water. Researchers found that combining biochar's adsorption capacity with the catalytic activity of nano zero-valent iron produces a synergistic effect that enhances pollutant removal. The study highlights this approach as a promising technology for water treatment and environmental remediation.
Biochar as a Catalyst in Persulfate Activation: A Sustainable Approach to Remove Pesticides from Water
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Hardwood and wheat straw biochar catalysts were tested for persulfate activation to degrade the pesticides lindane and β-endosulfan from water, with pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type, pH, and persulfate concentration all shown to significantly influence removal efficiency.
Performance and Mechanism of Fe3O4 Loaded Biochar Activating Persulfate to Degrade Acid Orange 7
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Researchers developed an iron oxide-loaded biochar material that can activate persulfate to break down acid orange 7, a common industrial azo dye pollutant, in water. The modified biochar achieved high degradation rates through a combination of adsorption and advanced oxidation processes. The study demonstrates a potential low-cost approach for treating dye-contaminated wastewater using engineered biochar materials.
Enhanced Mechanism of Nano Zero-Valent Iron Activated Persulfate for Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment
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This review covers how nano zero-valent iron activates persulfate to generate sulfate radicals capable of degrading persistent organic pollutants in contaminated environments. The approach is an advanced oxidation process with potential applications in remediating soils and water affected by industrial chemicals.
Removal of new contaminants from wastewater through advanced oxidation processes - a perspective
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Researchers reviewed advanced oxidation processes — including persulfate, peracetic acid, and Fenton-based systems — for removing emerging contaminants from wastewater, finding that while these methods are effective, a unified mechanistic framework is still lacking, complicating scale-up and regulatory validation.
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