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Human neurons are susceptible to the internalization of small-sized nanoplastics

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2025 4 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Tomohiro Ito, Yudai Ikuno, Osamu Udagawa, Kosuke Tanaka, Yoshika Kurokawa, Masaki Kakeyama, Fumihiko Maekawa

Summary

Researchers studied how human neurons take up nanoplastics and found that the cells readily absorbed 50-nanometer polystyrene particles through specific cellular pathways. The nanoplastics accumulated in cell compartments and, at higher concentrations, triggered oxidative stress and reduced cell survival. The study provides evidence that very small plastic particles can enter human brain cells, raising concerns about potential neurological effects of nanoplastic exposure.

Polymers
Body Systems

Environmental pollution caused by small plastics has become a social concern due to growing awareness of their adverse impacts on organisms, including humans. While the brain has been identified as a major site of small plastic accumulation, fundamental information about their impacts at the cellular level remains limited. In this study, we investigated the neuronal uptake and toxicity of nanoplastics using the human neurons (LUHMES). LUHMES cells internalized polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics with a preference for 50 nm particles, mainly through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. However, PS uptake by LUHMES cells was lower than that by other neural cell types. PS nanoparticles were predominantly localized in lysosomes and minimally in mitochondria. On the other hand, PS nanoparticles had no obvious effects on acute cytotoxicity, neurite outgrowth, and oxidative stress. This study provides essential data on the neuronal responses to nanoplastics and highlights the need for further evaluation of their neurodevelopmental impact.

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