Microplastic and microcystin in tropical drinking water reservoir: pollution characteristics and human health risk assessment
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment2025
1 citation
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Thi Thuy Duong,
Nguyen Thi My Yen,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Thanh‐Luu Pham,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Dương Nguyễn-Thùy,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Le Anh Pham,
Suzanne McGowan
Van Hoi Bui,
Van Hoi Bui,
Van Hoi Bui,
Van Hoi Bui,
Van Hoi Bui,
Van Hoi Bui,
Le Anh Pham,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thanh‐Luu Pham,
Le Anh Pham,
Le Anh Pham,
Nguyễn Thị Ánh Nguyệt,
Nguyễn Thị Ánh Nguyệt,
Nguyen Thi My Yen,
Le Anh Pham,
Le Anh Pham,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thao Nguyen,
Van Hoi Bui,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Nguyen Thi My Yen,
Nguyen Thi My Yen,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Nguyen Thi My Yen,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Nguyễn Thị Ánh Nguyệt,
Phuong Thao Pham,
Phuong Thao Pham,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Sy Nguyen Nguyen,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Sy Nguyen Nguyen,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Phuong Thao Pham,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Phuong Thao Pham,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Xuan Cuong Nguyen,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Thi Quynh Hoang,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Dương Nguyễn-Thùy,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Minh Hanh Pham,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Viet Hai Nghiem,
Suzanne McGowan
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Viet Hai Nghiem,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Minh Hanh Pham,
Van Hoi Bui,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Thi Minh Hanh Pham,
Thi Thao Nguyen,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Xuan Cuong Nguyen,
Hoang Tung,
Hoang Tung,
Đoàn Thị Yến Oanh,
Van T. Hoang,
Van T. Hoang,
Thi Phuong Quynh Le,
Thi Thuy Duong,
Xuan Cuong Nguyen,
Suzanne McGowan
Summary
Researchers surveyed microplastic and cyanobacterial toxin levels in a tropical drinking water reservoir in Vietnam over a one-year period. They found microplastics at all sampling sites, predominantly polypropylene and polyethylene fibers, with high polymer hazard scores despite low overall pollution levels. The co-occurrence of microplastics and microcystin toxins across the reservoir highlights the need for research on how these contaminants interact in freshwater drinking water sources.
The presence of microplastics (MPs) and cyanobacterial toxins (microcystin, MC) in drinking water is a growing public health concern. This study investigated their occurrence and distribution in a tropical reservoir from June 2023 to May 2024. MPs were found at all sites, with an abundance ranging from 1.3 to 38.0 items m, predominantly fibers under 2000 μm. Polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were the prevalent polymer types. The pollution load index of MPs was low (PLI = 2.6, level 1), but their high polymer hazard (PHI = 905.4, category IV) and ecological risk (PERI = 696.5, Danger) indicate potential environmental threats in Hoa Binh Reservoir. The MC toxin analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that total MC concentrations varied seasonally, with the highest value of 5.27 μg L. Health risk assessment indicated that the overall risk from MCs in all sampling sites remains low (average HQ values of 0.14). This study confirmed the co-occurrence of MPs and MCs in all Hoa Binh Reservoir sampling locations during the entire study period, which could potentially favor the interaction between these contaminants. These findings highlight the need for more research on how MPs influence cyanotoxin, which is essential for developing effective water management and pollution control strategies in freshwater ecosystems.