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Distribution Characteristics and Food Chain Transfer of Microplastic Contaminants in Coral Reef Ecosystems along the Hainan Coast
Original title: 海南沿海珊瑚礁生態系統中微塑膠污染物的分佈特徵與食物鏈遷移研究
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Researchers investigated microplastic distribution across seawater, sediments, and multiple trophic levels in Hainan's coastal coral reef ecosystems, finding higher concentrations near shore and elevated accumulation in predatory fish, indicating biomagnification through the food chain.
隨著海洋塑膠污染問題日益嚴峻，微塑膠作為新型污染物已廣泛存在於熱帶近岸生態系統中，對生物多樣性與生態功能構成潛在威脅。本研究以海南沿海典型珊瑚礁生態系統為研究物件，系統調查微塑膠在海水、沉積物及不同營養級生物體內的豐度與類型，分析其空間分佈差異與生態遷移路徑。通過佈設多介質採樣點、實施穩定同位素與食物鏈追蹤實驗，結合生物攝食行為與顆粒理化特性，揭示了微塑膠在生態系統中的遷移規律及其潛在生態影響。研究發現，微塑膠在沿岸區域的濃度顯著高於外礁區，沉積物中以纖維狀和片狀顆粒為主，水體與底棲動物中則表現出明顯的環境回應性。中高營養級掠食性魚類體內的微塑膠累積量較高，間接證實其通過食物鏈逐級轉移的可能性。此外，生物的攝食策略、代謝能力與生態位元特徵在微塑膠遷移過程中發揮關鍵作用，不同物種對同類顆粒的回應存在顯著差異。儘管當前未形成典型意義上的生物放大效應，但微塑膠的長期生態風險不可忽視，尤其在珊瑚礁等生態敏感區更應引起高度警惕。基於研究結論，本文提出建立岸基—近海協同監測網路，加強塑膠源頭治理，構建資料驅動的微塑膠風險評估機制，為熱帶島嶼型生態系統的污染治理與生態保護提供實證依據與政策參考。
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