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Detecting, bioaccumulating, and toxicological effects on aquatic trophic levels of nano plastic pollution
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This review examines the distribution, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) in marine food webs, highlighting that particle size correlates with tissue distribution and toxicity across multiple trophic levels. The authors find that MNPs ingested by lower trophic organisms travel up the food chain through bioaccumulation and biomagnification, posing documented threats to aquatic organism health and potential risks to humans through contaminated seafood.
The proliferation of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) in the ocean has become critical due to possible toxicological impacts on the environment, food web (FW) interactions, and human well-being. These plastic fragments originate from various sources, including degrading bigger plastic debris, goods, and emissions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the distribution and hazards of MNPs in ocean habitats, their ecological conduct, and relationships within ocean food-webs, highlighting their harmful effects on ocean organisms. It examines the correlation between the size of particles and toxicity, their distribution throughout various organs, and the mechanism of transferring trophic status within the FW. Upon ingestion, MNPs are detected in multiple organs. The ingestion by the lowest-trophic-level creatures enables the advancement down the food chain (FC). This results in bioaccumulation and biomagnification, potentially damaging aquatic creatures’ health, development, and actions. This study examines how MNPs, due to their persistence and metabolism, threaten marine ecosystems and disturb trophic interactions. The article discusses the ramifications of MNPs on human wellness, especially via ingesting contaminated seafoods, emphasizing the direct and indirect routes via which humans encounter these contaminants. The assessment underscores suggestions for further study, stressing the need for a combination of environmentally friendly and human wellness research to enhance risk evaluations and formulate mitigation plans to tackle the worldwide problem of plastic contamination in ocean ecosystems
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The transfer and resulting negative effects of nano- and micro-plastics through the aquatic trophic web—A discreet threat to human health
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Researchers reviewed how micro- and nanoplastics move through aquatic food webs — from small organisms like plankton up through fish to humans — noting that while hundreds of species are known to ingest plastic particles, it remains difficult to distinguish particles eaten directly from those consumed indirectly through prey. The review highlights a critical gap in understanding how much plastic actually transfers between trophic levels and what that means for human health risks from seafood consumption.
Micro(nano)plastics Prevalence, Food Web Interactions, and Toxicity Assessment in Aquatic Organisms: A Review
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This review examines the prevalence of micro- and nanoplastics across aquatic environments and their documented toxic effects on organisms ranging from plankton to fish, including DNA damage, reproductive harm, and neurotoxicity. Researchers found clear evidence that these particles transfer through aquatic food webs and can ultimately reach humans through seafood consumption. The study calls for more research into how microplastics carrying multiple contaminants cause combined toxic effects in marine organisms.
Unraveling the ecotoxicological effects of micro and nano-plastics on aquatic organisms and human health
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This review summarizes the growing body of evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics affect aquatic organisms and, through the food chain, potentially human health. The tiny plastic particles absorb toxic pollutants and pathogens from the water, acting as carriers that deliver these harmful substances into the bodies of fish, shellfish, and other organisms. The review highlights that both direct plastic toxicity and indirect chemical exposure through contaminated seafood pose risks to human consumers.
Micro-Nano Plastics in Aquatic Environments: Associated Health Impacts and Mitigation Strategies
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This review examines how micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic environments are biologically transferred up the food chain, covering the factors that influence particle bioavailability, accumulation in organisms, and trophic transfer — with implications for both aquatic ecosystem health and human dietary exposure.
Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review of Ecotoxicological Effects, Exposure Pathways and Trophic Transfer Risks
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This review synthesises evidence on the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in marine, freshwater, and estuarine environments, covering ingestion, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, and physiological harms across aquatic fauna. It identifies chemical co-contamination and particle size as key modulators of toxicity.
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