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Biochemical impacts of PET microplastics and cadmium on Danio rerio under environmental conditions
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This study examined the combined biochemical effects of PET microplastics and cadmium on zebrafish under environmentally relevant exposures, finding that co-exposure altered oxidative stress biomarkers, liver enzyme activity, and immune responses in ways that differed from single-contaminant exposures.
Abstract The escalating presence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems has sparked significant concern due to their detrimental effects on biota. A current debate revolves about the potential influence of type, size, and co-exposure with other contaminants on the toxicity of MPs. Here, two 21-day experiments with adult Danio rerio were carried out to (1) Verify the effects of different particle sizes of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET-MPs) (300-425 µm and 53-75 µm), at two different environmentally relevant concentrations: 983 particles. L -1 and 330 particles. L -1 , and (2) demonstrate the possible effects of Cd (10 μg. L -1 ), 53 µm PET-MP (330 particles. L -1 ) and their mixture (PET-MP + Cd), on a set biochemical indicator: total proteins, carbonylated protein (CP), glucose, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity. During exposure, there was no mortality. For the largest size (300-425 µm) there was a significant increase in CP levels, and a decrease in glucose and LDH levels compared to the control in both concentrations. In the experiment with PET-MPs co-exposed to Cd, the CP levels showed a significant increase in the PET-MP + Cd group compared to the control and PET-MP alone, evidencing oxidative stress because of the addition of Cd. LDH levels decreased significantly when Cd was added to the PET-MP. MDH of the Cd group showed a significant increase when compared to the control group and PET-MP alone. Our study evidenced that the toxicity of PET-MPs varied depending on the size, concentration, and combination with Cd.
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Influence of microplastics on the accumulation and chronic toxic effects of cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish to polystyrene microplastics combined with cadmium for three weeks and found that the presence of microplastics significantly increased cadmium accumulation in the liver, gut, and gills. The combined exposure caused greater oxidative damage, tissue inflammation, and disruption of protective gene activity than either pollutant alone. The study demonstrates that microplastics can enhance the toxicity of heavy metals in fish by acting as carriers that increase the body's uptake of harmful substances.
Combined toxicity of microplastics and cadmium on the zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to polystyrene microplastics combined with cadmium to assess their combined toxic effects on aquatic organisms. The study found that co-exposure produced greater negative impacts on survival and heart rate than either pollutant alone, with toxicity increasing in a concentration-dependent manner.
Combined effects of microplastics and copper on oxidative responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to microplastics (10 µg/L) and copper (45 µg/L) individually and in combination, finding that fish exposed to both stressors simultaneously exhibited higher oxidative stress across multiple body organs than those exposed to either contaminant alone.
Additive effects of microplastics on accumulation and toxicity of cadmium in male zebrafish
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Researchers exposed adult zebrafish to polyethylene microplastics and cadmium, both individually and in combination, for 21 days. They found that microplastics and cadmium together produced additive toxic effects, increasing cadmium accumulation in fish tissues, altering behavior, and causing more severe organ damage. The study suggests that microplastics in contaminated waterways may worsen the harmful effects of heavy metals on aquatic life.
Integrated analysis of zebrafish gut microbiota and liver transcriptome responses to polystyrene microplastics and cadmium
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Researchers exposed zebrafish to polystyrene microplastics and cadmium, both individually and combined, and found that combined exposure caused more severe disruption to gut bacteria and liver gene expression than either pollutant alone. The study revealed that microplastics decreased beneficial gut bacteria while increasing pathogenic species, and the combined treatment suppressed liver xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant pathways.
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