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Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste Using Chemical Vapor Deposition

American Journal of Economic and Management Business (AJEMB) 2025
Nor Adnin Ezani Mohd Ezani, Mohd Hamzah Harun, Izzuddin Mohamad Zaharuddin, Norfazlinayati Othman, Mahathir Mohamed, Mohd Sofian Alias, Mohd Faizal Abd Rahman, Khairil Nor Kamal Umar, Nurul Huda Mudri, Khairul Azhar Abdul Halim, Farah Fadzehah Hilmi, Rida Tajau

Summary

Waste PET plastic bottles were successfully converted into carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) using chemical vapor deposition with ferrocene, cobalt, and iron catalysts, confirmed by Raman and TEM analysis. This upcycling pathway transforms a major source of environmental plastic pollution into high-value materials, offering a promising strategy to reduce PET accumulation in ecosystems where it degrades into microplastic fragments.

Polymers
PE PET

Upcycling is an effective approach to reduce plastic waste, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and promote sustainability. Plastic bottles usually were made from PET polymer and a raw material to produce carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). CNMs are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process and purified to eliminate catalysts and unwanted compounds. Various catalysts were used to investigate the economic and effective in producing the CNMs. Metal catalysts such as ferrocene, cobalt and iron are the important elements in the CVD process as they provide surfaces for carbon to attach. CNMs morphology and graphitic structure were observed from Raman analysis and TEM analysis. The application of upcycling offers the advantage of utilizing low-cost raw materials to produce higher-value products, providing additional benefits.

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