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Research Progress and Prospects on Oxidative Depolymerization and Upcycling of Waste Polystyrene Plastics
Summary
This review systematically examines oxidative depolymerization pathways — photo-oxidation and thermal oxidation — for converting waste polystyrene into valuable chemicals such as benzoic acid, benzene, and phenol, identifying catalytic upcycling as the most promising route for sustainable polystyrene disposal. Polystyrene is among the most environmentally persistent plastics and a significant microplastic source, making chemical upcycling pathways critical for reducing the stock of fragmentation-prone polystyrene waste in the environment.
聚苯乙烯（PS）因生产成本低、加工性能优，广泛应用于包装、餐饮等领域，但因其稳定性强、不可生物降解且多为一次性使用，已成为全球性污染物，同时加剧石油资源危机。传统填埋、焚烧及机械回收存在占地大、二次污染或附加值低等缺陷，难以实现可持续处置。PS分子含大量惰性C-C/C-H键和芳环结构，兼具稳定性与平台分子回收潜力，化学升级回收成为核心解决路径。本文系统综述PS合成特性、分类及化学回收技术进展：重点分析氧化解聚（光氧化、热氧化）和升级再造路径，探讨其反应机理、催化剂体系、反应条件及产物特性。光氧化可温和转化PS为苯甲酸等，热氧化产物选择性和产率更高但条件苛刻，升级再造能转化为苯、苯酚等高价值化学品。最后总结现有技术在反应效率、选择性、环境友好性等方面的不足。本文为废弃PS高效资源化提供技术参考，明确化学升级回收是其绿色处置的关键路径