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Pengaruh Variasi Komposisi Polylactic Acid Dan Filler Kulit Singkong Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Laju Biodegradasi
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PLA bioplastic reinforced with 30% cassava peel filler achieved a tensile strength of 67.24 MPa and degraded 14% by weight in four weeks of soil burial, compared to only 3.4% for pure PLA. This is relevant to microplastic pollution because faster-degrading bioplastics could reduce the long-term accumulation of persistent plastic fragments in soil and aquatic environments.
Permasalahan limbah plastik yang sulit diatasi mendorong pencarian material yang lebih ramah lingkungan, dengan bioplastik yang terbuat dari Polylactic acid (PLA) dan penambahan filler organik dari kulit singkong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan bagaimana rasio PLA dan pati kulit singkong yang berbeda memengaruhi karakteristik mekanik dan seberapa cepat bioplastik yang dihasilkan terurai. Desain eksperimental menggunakan empat campuran berbeda, dengan menggunakan pengisi kulit singkong pada kadar 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Proses pembuatannya melibatkan pencampuran dan pembentukan menggunakan cetakan injeksi, sedangkan evaluasinya meliputi penilaian kekuatan tarik sesuai dengan ASTM D638 dan pengujian biodegradasi di tanah selama empat minggu. Menurut temuan, keberadaan pengisi secara nyata memengaruhi kekuatan saat ditarik, fleksibilitas, dan seberapa jauh material tersebut dapat meregang. Campuran yang mengandung 30% pengisi menunjukkan sifat mekanik yang paling baik, dengan kekuatan tarik 67,24 MPa, modulus elastisitas 123,66 MPa, dan elongasi 6,33%. Mengenai biodegradasi, sampel dengan 30% pengisi menunjukkan penurunan berat terbesar, yaitu 14%, jauh lebih besar daripada PLA murni, yang hanya terurai sekitar 3,4%. Bioplastik yang terbuat dari PLA dan kulit singkong menunjukkan potensi sebagai material berkelanjutan, menunjukkan sifat mekanik yang sesuai dan laju degradasi yang lebih cepat, sehingga layak untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai alternatif plastik konvensional.
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