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Sustainable Biodegradation of Recalcitrant HDPE Plastics using Bacillus pseudomycoides: A Microbial Approach towards Plastic Waste Mitigation
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Bacillus pseudomycoides isolated from plastic-contaminated soil degraded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as its sole carbon source, achieving a 31% weight loss over one year with confirmed surface erosion and polymer structural changes via SEM, FTIR, and GC-MS analyses. This demonstrates a viable microbial pathway for breaking down one of the most resistant and widely used plastic polymers contributing to microplastic pollution.
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic is one of the most resistant manmade polymers, posing significant environmental challenges.In this study, microbes capable of growing on this recalcitrant plastic were isolated from soil samples collected from plastic contaminated areas.The isolated Bacillus pseudomycoides utilized High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) of 75 microns as the sole carbon source under controlled conditions (neutral pH; temperature: 30 -37C) for growth.Biosurfactant production by Bacillus pseudomycoides was confirmed, and its cell surface hydrophobicity was measured via BATH assay.The efficacy of biodegradation was assessed by Gravimetry, SEM, FTIR and GC-MS.Gravimetric analysis showed a significant weight loss of 31% in the HDPE plastics after one year by Bacillus pseudomycoides when compared to the control in similar conditions without any microbes.Scanning Electron Micrographs showed bacterial adherence and fissures on HDPE surface, indicating degradation.FTIR showed major changes in polymer structure, such as appearance of hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and alkane/alkene groups and possible synthesis of carboxylic acids, in consistence with microbial fermentation.GC MS analysis showed the presence of diverse HDPE degradation products.Control samples indicated no significant changes, ruling out any abiotic factor influence.These results demonstrate Bacillus pseudomycoides has the ability to degrade HDPE plastics.
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