Morphological, Physical, and Thermal Properties of Fly Ash Reinforced Low- and High-Density Polyethylene Composites: A Comprehensive Review

Due to their improved physical, rheological, and morphological properties, polyethylene/fly ash composites have been receiving considerable attention in recent years. This review comprehensively examines the properties of low- and high-density polyethylene/fly ash composites. Its structure is expounded in terms of how the polymer matrix interacts with FA particles. The review evaluates physical properties, including density, water absorption, and thermal stability, and examines the changes in these properties caused by FA reinforcement. The rheological properties of the produced composites, such as viscosity and elasticity, have also been reviewed to show how FA particles modify the processability and melt flow behavior of polyethylene matrices. This work also includes an in-depth examination of various techniques used in creating these composites, with an emphasis on the importance of selecting appropriate processing parameters to achieve optimal results. It also covers some important factors that may affect the performance of composites, including particle size, loading amount, and surface modification of FA particles. This review outlines the challenges and, hence, future research topics related to these issues. In this regard, it highlights the need for thorough research to optimize processing parameters, interface modification techniques, and advanced characterization methods. Generally, this review serves as a resourceful platform for researchers and engineers focused on enhancing the properties of advanced polymeric composites, targeting a broad spectrum of applications.