Microplastics in Facial Exfoliating Cleansers

Research regarding marine pollution has primarily emphasized macroplastics (>5mm diameter), but is increasingly focusing on the impacts of microplastics (<5mm) on the marine environment. In my study, I observed microplastic beads found in nine facial exfoliating cleansers that listed polyethylene as an ingredient. Three brands of nationally top-grossing facial cleansers available in American supermarkets (Clean & Clear, L’Oreal, Neutrogena) were used to characterize size, color, and mass of the polyethylene beads. The beads ranged from 60-800 m in diameter, with a 264 m overall mean, 102 standard deviation and a (254-274) 95% confidence interval. To determine consumer use habits for these products, I surveyed a population of 175 individuals over a period of three months via an online survey. I discovered that, though 35% of my sample population used the microplastic-containing cleansers, 50% used alternatives that did not include microplastics. Of those that did use microplastic-containing products, I used their usage rates and frequencies to calculate annual microplastic contribution to the wastewater stream. I found that Clean & Clear Daily Pore Cleanser contributed most microplastic to the waste stream per consumer per year (with 2.68g) while Neutrogena Oil-free Acne Wash Pink Grapefruit, contributed the least (0.539g/year). After modeling my survey results onto the UC Berkeley student residential hall population, I estimated that a total of 5000 g of microplastic was going into the waste stream annually. Knowing about microplastic pollution in the environment and choosing natural alternatives can divert microplastic from the waste stream and mitigate potential environmental risk.