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Temporal/Spatial Trends and Concentrations of Microplastics in Streams Throughout the Central Illinois Watersheds
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This study measured microplastic concentrations across streams in a U.S. city, finding elevated levels downstream of wastewater treatment plants and in urban waterways. The results highlight urban wastewater discharge as a key pathway delivering microplastics from everyday activities — including laundry — into freshwater systems.
Daily activities, like washing clothes, using soap, industrial cleaning use, etc., introduce potenially dangerous [OC1] microplastics into our freshwater systems. These plastic particles are defined by their size, which is <5mm in diameter. Throughout cities across the United States, local municipalities have to treat their household and industrial sewage water at WWTP's (Waste Water Treatment Plants) in order for it to be released back into the environment. In many instances, WWTP effluent has been recorded to contain microplastics. WWTP's can be seen as a mechanism where high concentrations of microplastics can be focused into our water sources. There are currently no policies or regulations requiring treatment plants to treat for microplastics. Microplastic particles have been known to carry bacteria assemblages that cause gastrointestinal infections as well as leaching PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) which has been known to cause health risks like cancer and infertility in humans . Due to the relatively unstudied side effects that these particles can have on humans, it is important to identify the sources of microplastics and to reduce them into our environment. Within the central Illinois watersheds there are a multitude of WWTP's. By studying effluent from WWTP's, we can begin to understand how microplastics are derived in the treatment process. Current microplastic studies have been focused on very large urban populations like Chicago and large bodies of water like the Great Lakes. Little attention has been focused on small scale watersheds and streams within central Illinois as well as watersheds throughout the United States. By examining water samples upstream and downstream from WWTP's, I can determine if microplastics are being produced by WWTP's. This study is not limited to the central Illinois watershed or to WWTP's, the methods used in my study can be applied to any watershed where flowing surface water is present. Do higher populated urban areas within the central Illinois watershed have a larger concentration of microplastics than less populated areas? The cities of Bloomington-Normal, Clinton, Champaign-Urbana have a population of 130,000, 7,200, and 120,000 respectively and all use WWTP's to treat household and industrial sewage. I conclude that Bloomington-Normal will have the highest concentration of microplastics based on its higher population. This is expected since there are more people and more household sewage would have to be treated at WWTP's.
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Microplastic Concentrations and Types in a Central Illinois Urban Stream
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Researchers sampled microplastic concentrations in a small urban stream and its tributaries in central Illinois, finding widespread contamination with higher levels near more urbanized land use. The study also detected seasonal variation in concentrations, adding to evidence that small urban waterways are significant pathways for plastic pollution reaching larger water bodies.
Anthropogenic litter and microplastic in urban streams: Abundance, source, and fate
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This study quantified anthropogenic litter and microplastic in urban streams in the United States, measuring abundance, sources, and fate including contributions from wastewater treatment plant effluent. Results show that urban rivers are significant conduits for microplastic transport from land-based sources to downstream and ultimately marine environments.
The significant impacts of laundry wastewater on microplastics: a case study in a residential area
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Researchers measured microplastic concentrations in laundry wastewater from a residential area and tracked their contribution to urban drainage, finding that laundry effluent is a significant and underestimated source of microfibers entering municipal sewer systems and subsequently rivers.
Microplastic contamination in urban aquatic environments: Occurrence characteristics in urban streams and stormwater runoff from urban surfaces
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Researchers examined microplastic contamination in urban streams and stormwater runoff across different seasons and found that wastewater treatment plant discharges were a major source during dry weather. During rainy periods, stormwater runoff from roads and rooftops contributed additional microplastics, predominantly fibers and fragments. The study highlights that urban water systems receive microplastic pollution from multiple pathways year-round.
Anthropogenic Litter in Urban Freshwater Ecosystems: Distribution and Microbial Interactions
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Researchers quantified anthropogenic litter in urban rivers and streams and found that microplastics dominated by mass and particle count compared to macroplastic items. The study highlights urban freshwater systems as major conduits for plastic pollution moving toward marine environments and documents distinct microbial communities on plastic surfaces.
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