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Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment
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Micro and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environment
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This book chapter reviews how advances in polymer science over the past century and a half have made plastics ubiquitous, and how that has led to escalating micro- and nanoplastic contamination of aquatic environments worldwide. Understanding the origins and environmental behavior of these particles is foundational to assessing the risks they pose to aquatic life and human health.
Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment
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Researchers reviewed the environmental impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic ecosystems, documenting how their ubiquitous presence disrupts food webs, causes physical and chemical harm to aquatic organisms, and raises concerns about bioaccumulation up the food chain to humans.
Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Challenges and Threats to Aquatic Organisms
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Micro- and nanoplastics have been detected across a wide range of aquatic organisms from microalgae to fish, disrupting metabolic, physiological, and behavioral processes at both cellular and ecosystem levels. Their persistence and increasing abundance in oceans make them a growing food safety threat as plastic contamination moves up the aquatic food chain toward human consumption.
Nanoplastics Penetrate Biological Barriers and Pose Risks to Aquatic Productivity
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This study examined how nanoplastics penetrate biological barriers at the sub-micrometer scale, posing threats to aquatic productivity through cellular uptake and toxicity pathways. Understanding nanoplastic behavior is critical because their small size enables systemic infiltration into organisms across the food chain, including species consumed by humans.
Micro/nanoplastics in Aquatic Ecosystems: An Integrated Review of Occurrence, Toxicological Implications, Case Studies, Methodologies, and Future Recommendations
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This integrated review covers the occurrence, toxicology, and detection of micro- and nanoplastics across freshwater, marine, and estuarine ecosystems, using case studies to illustrate biomagnification through aquatic food webs and the compounding risk from co-occurring chemical contaminants. The review calls for stronger international collaboration and policy frameworks grounded in scientific evidence, recognizing that the pervasive nature of micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic systems poses escalating risks to both ecosystem integrity and human health.
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