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Kontaminasi Mikroplastik Pada Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) Dari Muara Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur, Semarang
Summary
Researchers examined microplastic contamination in milkfish (Chanos chanos) collected from the estuary of the East Flood Canal River in Semarang, Indonesia. Microplastics were found in digestive tracts across all sampled fish, with fibers and fragments being most common, raising concerns about food chain exposure in local populations.
Mikroplastik merupakan partikel plastik berukuran kurang dari 5 mm yang berasal dari fragmentasi plastik makro akibat proses degradasi fisik, kimia, dan biologis. Paparan mikroplastik pada ikan dapat menyebabkan gangguan fisiologis serta berpotensi menimbulkan risiko bioakumulasi dalam rantai makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kontaminasi mikroplastik pada ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) yang diperoleh dari Muara Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur, Semarang, dengan menganalisis jumlah, bentuk, ukuran, dan warna mikroplastik yang ditemukan. Analisis dilakukan melalui ekstraksi dan identifikasi mikroplastik yang terakumulasi dalam saluran pencernaan dan insang ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik terdeteksi di seluruh sampel ikan, dengan konsentrasi lebih tinggi pada saluran pencernaan (89,22 partikel/individu) dibandingkan insang (71,11 partikel/individu). Bentuk mikroplastik yang dominan adalah fragmen, diikuti oleh fiber, pelet, dan film, dengan variasi warna meliputi hitam, merah, cokelat, biru, hijau, kuning, oranye, ungu, putih, dan transparan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan tingginya tingkat paparan mikroplastik pada ikan bandeng yang berasal dari perairan yang tercemar, yang berpotensi memengaruhi kesehatan biota perairan serta menimbulkan risiko transfer mikroplastik ke manusia melalui konsumsi ikan Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, resulting from macroplastic fragmentation due to physical, chemical, and biological degradation. Exposure to microplastics in fish can cause physiological disturbances and pose a potential bioaccumulation risk in the food chain. This study aims to examine microplastic contamination in milkfish (Chanos chanos) obtained from the estuary of the Banjir Kanal Timur River, Semarang, by analyzing the quantity, shape, size, and color of microplastics present. Microplastics were extracted and identified from the fish’s digestive tract and gills. The results showed that microplastics were detected in all fish samples, with higher concentrations in the digestive tract (89.22 particles/individual) than in the gills (71.11 particles/individual). The dominant microplastic forms were fragments, followed by fibers, pellets, and films, with color variations including black, red, brown, blue, green, yellow, orange, purple, white, and transparent. These findings indicate a high level of microplastic exposure in milkfish from a contaminated estuary, which may impact aquatic biota health and pose a potential risk of microplastic transfer to humans through fish consumption.
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