Differentiation of suspended particles by polarized light scattering at 120°

Probing suspended particles in seawater, such as microalgae, microplastics and silts, is very important for environmental monitoring and ecological research. We propose a method based on polarized light scattering to differentiate different suspended particles massively and rapidly. The optical path follows a similar design of a commonly used marine instrument, BB9, which records backscattering of non-polarized light at 120°. In addition, polarization elements are added to the incident and scattering path for taking polarization measurements. Experiments with polystyrene microspheres, porous polystyrene microspheres, silicon dioxide microspheres, and different marine microalgae show that by carefully choosing the incident polarization state and analyzing the polarization features of the scattered light at 120°, these particles can be effectively differentiated. Simulations based on the Mie scattering theory and discrete dipole approximation (DDA) have also been conducted for particles of different sizes, shapes and refractive indices, which help to understand the relationship between the polarization features and the physical properties of the particles. The laboratory system may serve as a prove-of-concept prototype of new instrumentations for applications on board or even with submersibles.