Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Human Health Effects Marine & Wildlife Sign in to save

Polystyrene microplastics alter the toxicity of 6PPD to zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology 2025 1 citation ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 53 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Ning Gao, Yuexing Zhao, Yuexing Zhao, Ruiying Shi, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Ruiying Shi, Ruiying Shi, Xinwei Shi, Ruiying Shi, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Yuexing Zhao, Yuexing Zhao, Yuexing Zhao, Ruiying Shi, Aurang Zeb, Ruiying Shi, Ning Gao, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Yuexing Zhao, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Ruiying Shi, Yuexing Zhao, Ruiying Shi, Ruiying Shi, Ruiying Shi, Yuexing Zhao, Aurang Zeb, Yuexing Zhao, Yuexing Zhao, Xinwei Shi, Xinwei Shi, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Ruiying Shi, Jianfeng Feng, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Ruiying Shi, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Xinwei Shi, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Ning Gao, Ning Gao, Yuexing Zhao, Aurang Zeb, Yuexing Zhao, Aurang Zeb, Ruiying Shi, Aurang Zeb, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Ruiying Shi, Ruiying Shi, Jinzheng Liu, Aurang Zeb, Weitao Liu, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Jinzheng Liu, Aurang Zeb, Ruiying Shi, Weitao Liu, Jianfeng Feng, Yichen Ge Yichen Ge Ruiying Shi, Weitao Liu, Aurang Zeb, Ruiying Shi, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Aurang Zeb, Jianling Wang, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Jianfeng Feng, Xiang Li, Aurang Zeb, Weitao Liu, Aurang Zeb, Ruiying Shi, Aurang Zeb, Ruiying Shi, Ruiying Shi, Aurang Zeb, Jinzheng Liu, Jianling Wang, Ruiying Shi, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianfeng Feng, Jianling Wang, Jinzheng Liu, Jianfeng Feng, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianfeng Feng, Jianling Wang, Aurang Zeb, Yuexing Zhao, Jianfeng Feng, Aurang Zeb, Jianling Wang, Weitao Liu, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jinzheng Liu, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Ruiying Shi, Ruiying Shi, Ruiying Shi, Jinzheng Liu, Yuexing Zhao, Weitao Liu, Jianling Wang, Weitao Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Ruiying Shi, Weitao Liu, Yuexing Zhao, Yuexing Zhao, Yuexing Zhao, Chuan Yin, Jinzheng Liu, Jianling Wang, Jianling Wang, Chuan Yin, Jianling Wang, Weitao Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Qi Wang, Weitao Liu, Chuan Yin, Chuan Yin, Jinzheng Liu, Jinzheng Liu, Weitao Liu, Xinwei Shi, Jinzheng Liu, Weitao Liu, Weitao Liu, Xiang Li, Yichen Ge

Summary

Researchers investigated the combined toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and the tire-derived chemical 6PPD on zebrafish larvae. Co-exposure produced synergistic toxic effects, significantly increasing oxidative stress markers and altering metabolic profiles beyond what either pollutant caused individually. The study found that microplastics increased the concentration of the toxic transformation product 6PPD-quinone in zebrafish, suggesting they can enhance the chemical hazard of tire-related pollutants in aquatic environments.

Polymers

PS rubber

Models

Zebrafish

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are a significant source of microplastics (MPs) and N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) in aquatic environments. However, the combined toxicity of MPs and 6PPD to aquatic organisms remains unclear. Here, we investigated the bioaccumulation of 6PPD, developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations in zebrafish larvae following single and combined exposure to polystyrene MPs (PSMPs) and 6PPD. Our results indicated that co-exposure to PSMPs and 6PPD induced synergistic toxicity in zebrafish larvae, significantly elevating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), along with enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. PSMPs did not influence the bioaccumulation of 6PPD, but increased the concentration of 6PPD quinone (6PPD-Q) in zebrafish larvae. PSMPs and 6PPD altered the metabolomic profiles of zebrafish larvae, affecting organic acids and their derivatives, amino acids and carbohydrates. The primary distinctions between single and combined exposures were observed in organic acids (citric acid and 9-Octadecenoic acid), sugars (D-Allose, D-Arabinose, and d-Mannose), and cholesterol. These findings imply PSMPs alter the toxicity of 6PPD to zebrafish larvae, providing valuable data for assessing the potential risks of single and combined pollution of MPs and 6PPD to aquatic creatures.

Read via DOI PubMed

Share this paper

Post Share Share Pin Email