Nano- and microplastic analysis: Focus on their occurrence in freshwater ecosystems and remediation technologies

Micro- and nano-plastics: an emerging contaminant in marine and freshwater ecosystems

Microplastics in freshwater environment: occurrence, analysis, impact, control measures and challenges

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This review found that freshwater environments receive microplastic contamination from multiple sources and that MPs pose toxicological risks to a wide range of freshwater organisms, yet standardized protocols for sampling, identification, and characterization across freshwater systems are still lacking. Since freshwater bodies are primary sources of drinking water globally, the absence of monitoring standards represents a critical gap in understanding and managing microplastic exposure risks for human health.

Microplastics in aquatic environment: fate, human exposure, removal and advances of nanotechnology in remediation

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This review traces microplastic pathways from aquatic sources — including seafood, drinking water, and sea salt — through the human food chain, estimating up to 26,250 microplastic particles ingested per person annually from seafood alone, while also cataloging the toxic additives and co-transported heavy metals these particles carry. It evaluates physical, chemical, and biological removal methods before identifying nanotechnology-based approaches as the most promising next generation of water treatment for microplastic elimination.

Nanoplastics in Wastewater: Monitoring, Ecotoxicity, and Remediation

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Researchers explore the challenges posed by nanoplastics in wastewater, examining monitoring methods for detecting these extremely small particles, their ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms and ecosystems, and promising remediation strategies for reducing nanoplastic contamination before treated water is discharged into the environment.

Nanotechnology-enabled analytical tools for Microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic ecosystems

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Tiny plastic particles in our water, some smaller than a virus, have been hard to detect with older lab tools, making it tough to know how much is really out there or how it might affect us. This review rounds up new nanotech-based detection methods (using gold nanoparticles, light-scattering sensors, and AI) that can spot these nanoplastics at incredibly low levels, faster and with less environmental impact than traditional testing. Better detection tools like these are a key first step toward understanding plastic pollution's health risks and building policies to protect our water supplies.