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In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on the Human Fibroblast Hs27 Cell Line
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Researchers tested the genotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on human fibroblast cells in the laboratory. They found that the nanoparticles caused DNA damage, including increased formation of micronuclei and nuclear buds, along with elevated production of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, adding saffron extract reduced the oxidative stress caused by the nanoparticles, suggesting potential protective effects against nanoplastic-induced cellular damage.
Several studies have provided information on environmental nanoplastic particles/debris, but the in vitro cyto-genotoxicity is still insufficiently characterized. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PNPs) in the Hs27 cell line. The viability of Hs27 cells was determined following exposure at different time windows and PNP concentrations. The genotoxic effects of the PNPs were evaluated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay after exposure to PNPs. We performed ROS analysis on HS27 cells to detect reactive oxygen species at different times and treatments in the presence of PNPs alone and PNPs added to the Crocus sativus L. extract. The different parameters of the CBMN test showed DNA damage, resulting in the increased formation of micronuclei and nuclear buds. We noted a greater increase in ROS production in the short treatment times, in contrast, PNPs added to Crocus sativus showed the ability to extract, thus reducing ROS production. Finally, the SEM-EDX analysis showed a three-dimensional structure of the PNPs with an elemental composition given by C and O. This work defines PNP toxicity resulting in DNA damage and underlines the emerging problem of polystyrene nanoparticles, which extends transversely from the environment to humans; further studies are needed to clarify the internalization process.
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The Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
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Researchers assessed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on human peripheral blood lymphocytes using chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assays. They found dose-dependent increases in cell damage, chromosomal abnormalities, and hemolytic activity at the tested concentrations. The study provides evidence that nanoplastic particles can cause genetic damage to human immune cells under laboratory conditions.
Polystyrene nanoparticles induce DNA damage and apoptosis in HeLa cells
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Researchers exposed human HeLa cells to polystyrene nanoplastics — particles smaller than 100 nm — and found that even short exposures at low concentrations caused DNA damage, abnormal cell division, and signs of cell death including apoptosis and necrosis. The results suggest nanoplastics can directly damage human cell DNA, raising concerns about the health implications of everyday nanoplastic exposure.
Biological effects, including oxidative stress and genotoxic damage, of polystyrene nanoparticles in different human hematopoietic cell lines
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Researchers exposed three human immune cell lines (B-lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and monocytes) to 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles and found cell-type-specific responses — monocytes internalized the most particles but showed no harm, while B-lymphocytes and lymphoblasts displayed oxidative stress and DNA damage despite lower uptake.
Oxidative Properties of Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Different Diameters in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (In Vitro Study)
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Researchers exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to polystyrene nanoparticles of different sizes and measured oxidative stress and mitochondrial function, finding that smaller particles induced greater reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial disruption, with significant cell damage at concentrations relevant to human exposure estimates.
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