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Microplastics in Yellow River Delta wetland: Occurrence, characteristics, human influences, and marker
Summary
Microplastics were surveyed across different zones of the Yellow River Delta wetland with varying levels of human activity, finding widespread contamination even in protected areas with minimal human presence, with MP abundances ranging from 136 to 2060 items/kg. The study identifies direct human activities as a stronger driver of wetland microplastic contamination than tourism.
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in the environment including coastal wetlands. The influence of different types and intensities of human activities on the occurrence of MPs in coastal wetlands is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of MPs and the contribution of human activities in different areas of Yellow River Delta wetland. MPs were widely detected in different areas of the wetland even in the protection area with little human activities. Direct human activities resulted in more severe MPs contamination in the protection area than the tourism area. In the soil of different areas, the MPs abundances ranged from 136 to 2060 items/kg. The concentrations of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ranged from 536 to 660 μg/kg, and the concentrations of polycarbonate (PC) ranged from 83.9 to 196 μg/kg. The MP abundances of the three areas had significant correlations with PET concentrations. These results indicate that the direct influence of human activities has much greater contribution than indirect influence. These results also suggest that PET concentration can be used as a potential marker of MPs contamination in wetland soils.
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