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Analisis Sistem Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) di Industri Otomotif: Studi Literatur
Summary
This literature review analyzes the wastewater treatment system at an Indonesian automotive manufacturing plant, finding that effluent meets national quality standards (Ministry of Environment Regulation No.5/2014), though Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biological Oxygen Demand fall in the secondary category. The study identifies gaps in microplastic control within the treatment system, noting contamination from polypropylene, LDPE, PET, and glass fiber debris generated during production.
Setiap hari PT.X menghasilkan ratusan liter limbah cair dari proses produksi dan berpotensi mengancam kestabilan ekosistem, khususnya badan air di sekitar perusahaan. Limbah cair tersebut dikontaminasi oleh tumpahan spray booth yaitu campuran air dengan katalis TEDAL-33 dan debris headliner dari water jet berupa bahan polypropylene (PP), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), dan glass fiber. Penelitian ini mengisi celah studi sebelumnya yang belum mengkaji integrasi pengendalian mikroplastik dalam sistem IPAL industri otomotif dengan diadakan analisis alat dalam sistem Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) yang digunakan serta air effluent yang dikeluarkan dari sistem IPAL sesuai standar baku mutu Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.5 Tahun 2014 Lampiran XLVII. Penulis menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif untuk mengobservasi secara langsung proses pengolahan air limbah dan studi literatur untuk mengimplikasikan 5 data sekunder dengan 25 artikel riset yang relevan. Hal ini dilakukan agar penulis mampu mengidentifikasi kekurangan dan akar permasalahan lingkungan yang timbul dari air limbah. Dalam artikel ini ditemukan bahwa air effluent yang dihasilkan oleh sistem IPAL PT.X sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.5 Tahun 2014 Lampiran XLVII, dengan 31 parameter memenuhi golongan I dan 2 parameter masuk golongan II, yaitu Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Namun ada hal teknis yang bisa dibenahi agar mampu mencapai pemanfaatan sistem IPAL yang lebih maksimal dan air limbah yang lebih bersih dari kontaminasi fisik, kimia dan mikrobiologis. Analysis of Wastewater Treatment System Installation in the Automotive Industry: A Literature Review Abstract Every day PT. X generates hundreds of liters of liquid waste from the production process and has the potential to threaten the stability of the ecosystem, especially the water bodies around the company. The liquid waste was contaminated by a spray booth spill, which was a mixture of water with a TEDAL-33 catalyst and headliner debris from the water jet in the form of polypropylene (PP), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and glass fiber. This study fills the gap in the previous study that has not examined the integration of microplastic control in the automotive industry WWTP system so that it is necessary through analyzing the equipment in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) system used as well as the effluent water discharged from the WWTP system according to the quality standard standards of the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No.5 of 2014 Appendix XLVII. The author uses a descriptive analysis method to directly observe the wastewater treatment process and a literature study to implicate 5 secondary data with 25 relevant research articles. This is done so that the author is able to identify the shortcomings and roots of environmental problems arising from wastewater. In this article, it was found that the effluent water produced by the PT. X is in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No.5 of 2014 Appendix XLVII, with 31 parameters meeting group I and 2 parameters in group II, namely Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). However, there are technical things that can be improved in order to be able to achieve a more optimal utilization of the WWTP system and wastewater that is cleaner from physical, chemical and microbiological contamination.
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