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Introduction to the Theme “New Approaches, Technology, and Techniques That Advance Pharmacology and Toxicology”
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This introductory overview for an Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology volume highlighted themes including systems biology, multi-omics, AI-based approaches for precision medicine, and new toxicity assessment frameworks for emerging contaminants like microplastics. The piece oriented readers toward methodological innovations reshaping pharmacology and toxicology research.
Volume 66 of the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology includes numerous articles that reveal evolving ideas and insights in pharmacology and toxicology. The major theme is new approaches, technology and techniques. New ideas include the use of systems biology, multiomics, and artificial intelligence to support wellness, prevention, early detection of disease, and precision medicine. Other reviews highlight new ideas and approaches to treat infectious diseases, including the repurposing of drugs approved for other indications and long-acting therapeutics. Related reviews emphasize aspects of global health. One review discusses psychedelics as therapeutics. Several reviews discuss advances in drug discovery modalities. Others relate to a variety of topics in toxicology, including aspects of mitochondrial biology, e-cigarettes, air pollution, microplastics, and nanoplastics. These reviews and others in this volume inform readers about recent advances in pharmacology and toxicology and show how both specialties continue to be vital for improving health and safety globally.
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Environmental Toxicology: Modern Approaches for Assessing Ecological and Human Health Risks
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This review paper explains how scientists are updating the tools they use to study pollution's effects on our bodies and the environment—including newer threats like microplastics and hormone-disrupting chemicals that can build up in the food chain and cause issues like cellular stress and hormone imbalances. Instead of relying mainly on animal testing, researchers are now using lab-grown tissue models, AI, and genetic analysis to more quickly and accurately predict which chemicals are risky, helping regulators make faster, evidence-based decisions to protect public health.
Artificial intelligence-powered new approach methodologies for assessing combined toxicity of chemical mixtures
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In real life, we're never exposed to just one chemical at a time — we're surrounded by mixtures like microplastics carrying antibiotics and heavy metals, which can interact in ways that are harder to predict and study than single toxins. This review looks at how new AI tools could help scientists better predict how these chemical combinations affect our health, potentially catching dangerous interactions that older, one-chemical-at-a-time testing methods miss. It's not a new experiment, but rather a roadmap summarizing how AI could improve chemical safety testing, while stressing that these tools still need rigorous validation before regulators can fully trust their pred
Recent Trends in Environmental Toxicology
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This study assessed the effects of polyethylene microplastics on soil nematode communities, finding reduced species richness and shifts in feeding group composition after prolonged exposure. The results suggest microplastics disrupt soil food web structure, potentially impairing decomposition and nutrient cycling services provided by nematode communities.
Frontiers of Global Toxicology in a Changing World: Emerging Contaminants, Persistent Risks, and One Health Imperative
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Researchers argue that toxicology must expand beyond single-substance risk assessment to address the full exposome — encompassing microplastics, PFAS, nanomaterials, e-waste, pharmaceutical residues, and non-chemical stressors — within a One Health framework that integrates human, animal, and environmental health as a unified system under accelerating climate and pollution pressures.
Role of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Environmental Toxicology
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This review pulls together research on powerful new lab tools that can detect tiny traces of pollutants—like microplastics, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals—in amounts as small as a few grains of salt in an Olympic swimming pool. These super-sensitive techniques matter because they let scientists catch contamination in our water, food, and environment much earlier, leading to better health risk assessments and stronger safety regulations before problems become widespread. It's worth noting this paper doesn't present new experiments, but rather summarizes existing detection methods and their potential to improve how we monitor environmental hazards.
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When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.