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Environmental Toxicology: Modern Approaches for Assessing Ecological and Human Health Risks
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This review paper explains how scientists are updating the tools they use to study pollution's effects on our bodies and the environment—including newer threats like microplastics and hormone-disrupting chemicals that can build up in the food chain and cause issues like cellular stress and hormone imbalances. Instead of relying mainly on animal testing, researchers are now using lab-grown tissue models, AI, and genetic analysis to more quickly and accurately predict which chemicals are risky, helping regulators make faster, evidence-based decisions to protect public health.
ABSTRACT Environmental toxicology has advanced significantly to address the increasing complexity of pollutants that affect both ecosystems and human health. The emerging contaminants such as microplastics and endocrine disrupting chemicals present significant risks due to their potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification within food chains. These pollutants can induce significant physiological disturbances including oxidative stress, hormonal imbalance and other cellular alterations. Furthermore, climate driven changes such as temperature fluctuations and extreme weather events influence the distribution, persistence and toxicity of environmental contaminants. These factors often interact with biological stressors, intensifying ecological impacts and emphasising the need for adaptive environmental management strategies. Environmental toxicology is witnessing a paradigm shift from conventional animal- based testing to innovative methodological approaches. High - throughput in vitro screening, organ - on - a chip technology that mimic tissue level interactions and computational toxicology are transforming toxicological research. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are increasingly used to predict toxicant fate, identify exposure pathways, and evaluate long - term ecological consequences. These technologies help prioritise chemicals for testing, while reducing research costs, and ethical concerns associated with animal experimentation. Modern risk assessment frameworks now integrate genomics, proteomics and metabolomics with agent- based ecological modelling to enable the identification of system level biological responses, including epigenetic modifications associated with pollution related diseases. Such integrative approaches support evidence-based regulatory decisions, guiding emission control policies and promoting sustainable bioremediation strategies for safeguarding ecosystems and public health. The integration of data-driven technologies, non-animal experimental models, and multi-scale ecological modelling is redefining environmental toxicology. These advances enhance the ability to anticipate and mitigate emerging environmental threats, ultimately contributing to the protection of ecosystem integrity and public health in a rapidly changing global environment.
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Environmental Toxicology: Modern Approaches for Assessing Ecological and Human Health Risks
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This review paper rounds up how scientists are getting better at studying pollution's effects on our bodies and the environment, including growing concerns about microplastics and "hormone-disrupting" chemicals that can build up in our food and mess with our cells. Instead of relying mainly on animal testing, researchers are now using lab-grown mini-organs, computer modeling, and AI to more quickly and accurately predict which chemicals are dangerous—helping regulators make smarter, faster decisions to protect public health as pollution and climate change increasingly interact in new ways.
Enhancing Chemical Safety and Toxicology Through AI
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This review paper explains how AI tools are making it faster and more reliable to predict whether chemicals are safe, reducing the need for animal testing while still following strict scientific standards. This matters because it could speed up how quickly we identify harmful substances—including microplastics—in our environment and everyday products, giving regulators better tools to protect public health before problems occur.
Review of Recent Advances in Microplastic Ecological Risk Assessment: From Problem Formulation to Risk Characterization
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This review of existing research shows that tiny plastic particles called microplastics are contaminating our environment and food chain, carrying harmful chemicals and pollutants that can end up in our bodies. Scientists still don't fully understand how dangerous these microplastics are to human health or how they move through the food we eat, from fish to drinking water. The researchers say we need better methods to study these risks so we can protect people and create policies to reduce plastic pollution.
Current Advances in Aquatic and Marine Toxicology
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This review paper summarizes current research on how pollution affects water environments and the animals living in them. Scientists are finding that new types of pollution like microplastics, medicines in water, and tiny manufactured particles are creating health risks that we don't fully understand yet. This matters because these pollutants can end up in our drinking water and the fish we eat, potentially affecting human health.
A Review on Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives in Aquatic Toxicology: from Conventional Ecotoxicology to Predictive and Integrated Risk Assessment
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This review summarizes research on how scientists study the effects of pollutants on water ecosystems. It highlights growing attention to microplastics and nanoplastics, which can act as pollutants themselves and also carry other chemicals, alongside new tools like gene analysis and artificial intelligence for predicting risks.
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