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Metabolomic profiling reveals the intestinal toxicity of different length of microplastic fibers on zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish to microplastic fibers of two different lengths and found that longer fibers caused more severe intestinal damage and reduced food intake by 54-67%. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the fibers disrupted lipid and fatty acid metabolism in the gut, promoting oxidative damage and inflammation. The study demonstrates that microplastic fiber length is an important factor in determining the severity of intestinal toxicity in aquatic organisms.
To explore the intestinal toxicity of microplastic fibers, zebrafish larvae and adults were exposed to different length of microplastic fibers (50 ± 26 μm and 200 ± 90 μm). After exposure, microplastic fibers were observed in the gut of zebrafish even at the early life stage, causing length-dependent intestinal damage and toxicities manifested by histopathological changes and biomarker responses. Long microplastic fibers induced more serious effects. They significantly decreased the food intake of zebrafish by 54 %-67 % compared with short microplastic fibers. Metabolomics was conducted to further reveal the metabolic alterations induced by microplastic fibers in zebrafish. A total of 124 and 123 metabolites were significantly changed by short and long microplastic fibers. At the meanwhile, 41 significantly changed metabolites were shared between short and long fibers treatment groups and were further investigated to reveal the influence of fiber length on the toxicity. The results demonstrate that microplastic fibers can up-regulate glycerophospholipids metabolism which exacerbates oxidative damage and inflammation and down-regulate fatty acyls metabolism related to nutritional deficiency. These novel findings enhance our understanding of the intestinal toxicity of microplastic fibers and demonstrate that metabolomics is powerful to unravel the underlying mechanisms of microplastics (MPs) toxicity.
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Researchers exposed adult zebrafish to polyethylene and polyester microplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations and found significant disruptions to metabolic pathways and gut microbiome composition. Polyethylene primarily affected cell membrane compounds and inflammation-related metabolites, while polyester altered lipid metabolism and gut bacterial interactions. The study reveals that chronic microplastic exposure can cause subtle but meaningful shifts in fish metabolism and gut health, even at low concentrations.
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Researchers exposed zebrafish to three different shapes of microplastics and found that fibers and fragments accumulated more in the gut than beads, causing greater intestinal injury and disruption of gut bacteria. The shape of the microplastic particles significantly influenced both how much accumulated and the severity of the biological harm. The study suggests that microplastic shape is an important factor in assessing their environmental and health risks.
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