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Marine Pollution Reviewed from a Comparison of State Practices Against International Legal Instruments
Original title: Marine Pollution Ditinjau dari Perbandingan Praktik Negara Terhadap Instrumen Hukum Internasional
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This Indonesian-language paper analyzes how different countries have responded to marine pollution under international law, comparing national practices against international legal instruments. It is a legal analysis not directly related to microplastics.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengurai strategi beberapa negara, serta menganalisis keberlakuan instrumen hukum internasional dalam menyikapi marine pollution. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dimana jenis dan sumber data yaitu terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Selanjutnya, sumber data yang telah dikumpulkan akan diidentifikasi, klasifikasi dan sistematisasi sesuai permasalahan penelitian. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui cara menelaah sumber ataupun bahan hukum tertulis. Hasil telaah tersebut diinterpretasikan menggunakan metode interpretasi yang sistematis, gramatikal, dan, teleologis. Hasil penelitian menguraikan bahwa strategi dalam menyikapi marine pollution, terdiri dari empat negara, antara lain Australia memilih untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terkait lingkungan di laut. Indonesia memilih untuk membuat payung hukum serta mendorong pemanfaatan sampah plastik sebagai campuran aspal. Amerika memilih untuk memprioritaskan peraturan perundang-undangan, antara lain Public Law Nomor 92-500 Tahun 1972 tentang Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 dan Public Law Nomor 109-449 Tahun 2006 tentang Marine Debris Research, Prevention, and Reduction Act. Jepang melalui Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup memilih untuk melakukan pembersihan di lautan, serta memberlakukan kepada masyarakat terkait daur ulang sampah. Lebih lanjut, instrumen hukum internasional dalam menyikapi marine pollution, antara lain Protocol 1996 dan UNCLOS, serta Protocol MARPOL. Protocol 1996 dan UNCLOS saling berkaitan dan tidak bisa dipisahkan, namun sebagian belum meratifikasi Protocol MARPOL sebagai bagian dari pelaksana Protocol 1996. Adapun saran-saran dalam menyikapi marine pollution secara umum, antara lain pertama, memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat internasional agar membentuk kepeduliannya terhadap lingkungan laut. Kedua, meratifikasi instrumen hukum internasional terkait marine pollution sehingga terjadi sinkronisasi dan harmonisasi hukum yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan oleh seluruh masyarakat internasional. Dengan demikian, strategi mengatasi marine pollution dapat diatasi melalui keterhubungan antara perbandingan praktik negara dan instrumen hukum internasional.
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