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Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos
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Researchers tested the effects of pristine and chlorpyrifos-loaded polystyrene microplastics on juvenile rainbow trout, examining tissue damage and physiological responses. They found that microplastics carrying the pesticide caused more severe histopathological changes in the gills and liver than either contaminant alone. The study provides evidence that microplastics can act as vectors for pesticides, amplifying their toxic effects on freshwater fish.
Microplastic (MP) sorption and transfer of chemical contaminants has been widely reported, yet few studies have investigated combined effects of contaminant-loaded MPs on organisms. This study examined effects of pristine or chlorpyrifos (CPF)-loaded polystyrene (PS) fragments on histopathological and histomorphometrical biomarkers in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). In laboratory, O. mykiss were exposed for 96 h to pristine PS-MPs concentrations (30 or 300 µg/L), concentrations of CPF alone (2 or 6 µg/L), and the same concentrations of CPF in the presence of PS-MPs in aquaria. Results showed the highest histopathological alterations in both CPF concentrations and when combined with PS-MPs in fish gills. Alternatively, high histopathological lesions including massive necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and shed of villi tips were observed in fish gut in high CPF concentrations combined with high PS-MP concentrations of (6 μg/L CPF+300 μg/L PS-MPs). Individual CPF and PS-MP concentrations or combined together showed significant changes in histomorphometrical biomarkers in fish gills, gut and skin. Findings highlight that pristine PS-MPs cause toxicity and increase adverse effects of CPF in O. mykiss, especially in gill tissue. We present evidence that pristine short-term exposure to even low concentrations of PS-MPs has a significant impact on biomarker responses in O. mykiss.
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Combined polystyrene microplastics and chlorpyrifos decrease levels of nutritional parameters in muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Researchers exposed rainbow trout to polystyrene microplastics combined with the pesticide chlorpyrifos and found that the combination significantly reduced key nutritional parameters (protein, lipid, and moisture content) in muscle tissue compared to either contaminant alone.
Toxicity of mixture of polyethylene microplastics and Up Grade® pesticide on Oreochromis niloticus juvenile: I. Hemato-biochemical and histopathological alterations
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Researchers exposed juvenile Nile tilapia to a pesticide and polyethylene microplastics, both individually and in combination, and measured blood chemistry changes and organ damage over 15 days. The combination treatment caused more severe effects than either pollutant alone, including reduced red blood cell counts, elevated liver enzymes, and significant tissue damage to the gills and intestines. The study demonstrates that microplastics can worsen the toxic effects of agricultural pesticides on commercially important fish species.
Effect of polystyrene microplastic and chlorpyrifos pesticide on superoxide dismutase activity in tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Rainbow trout were exposed to polystyrene microplastics, the pesticide chlorpyrifos, and a combination of both, with researchers measuring effects on antioxidant enzyme activity. The combined exposure caused greater disruption to superoxide dismutase activity than either pollutant alone, suggesting microplastics can amplify pesticide toxicity in fish.
Do polystyrene microplastics affect juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) and modulate effects of the pesticide methiocarb?
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Researchers exposed juvenile brown trout to polystyrene microplastics and the pesticide methiocarb, both alone and in combination. Neither microplastics alone nor the combination produced significant effects beyond what the pesticide caused by itself, but the study provides important baseline data on microplastic-pesticide interactions in a commercially important freshwater fish species.
Polystyrene microplastics do not affect juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) or modulate effects of the pesticide methiocarb
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Juvenile brown trout exposed to polystyrene microplastics for 96 hours showed no effects on any measured biomarker, but the pesticide methiocarb caused significant acetylcholinesterase inhibition, tissue damage in liver and gills, and impaired enzyme activity. Combining microplastics with methiocarb did not amplify the pesticide's effects, suggesting these pollutants do not interact toxicologically in juvenile trout.
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