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Polyethylene terephthalate microplastics impair erectile function through macrophage mediated cGAS-STING ferroptosis

iScience 2026
Siyu Liu, Siyu Liu, Wenhao Wang, Yijun Zhang, Shuang Li, Haoyi Jia, S. Liu, Lei Wu, Lei Wu, Pingnan Dou, jianying Li, Chenyi Jiang, Fujun Zhao

Summary

Researchers investigated the impact of PET microplastic exposure on erectile function using human tissue samples, a rat model, and cell assays. The study found that patients with erectile dysfunction had higher microplastic burden in corpus cavernosum tissue, and that chronic PET microplastic exposure in rats triggered a specific inflammatory pathway involving macrophage ferroptosis that led to vascular dysfunction.

Microplastic pollution is a global concern, yet its impact on male reproductive health remains unclear. We assessed chronic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastic exposure using human corpus cavernosum (CC) tissues, a rat model, and cell assays. MPs were quantified in CC from 10 patients; those with erectile dysfunction (ED) showed a higher MP burden, with PET predominant. In rats, chronic PET-MP exposure dose-dependently impaired erectile function, increased fibrosis, and reduced smooth muscle. Mechanistically, PET-MPs localized to macrophage mitochondria, causing depolarization and ROS generation, mtDNA leakage, cGAS-STING activation, and macrophage ferroptosis. This ferroptotic signaling amplified inflammation, promoted M1 polarization, and triggered endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, leading to vascular dysfunction and ED. Depleting macrophages or inhibiting cGAS-STING or ferroptosis reduced inflammation and partially rescued erectile responses. Together, these data identify a cGAS-STING-ferroptosis axis linking environmental MP exposure to ED and suggest upstream innate-immune and ferroptosis pathways as therapeutic targets.

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