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Tier 2
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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Gut & Microbiome
Nanoplastics
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Intestinal and hepatic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles
Archives of Toxicology2021
27 citations
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Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Score: 40
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Valerie Stock,
Holger Sieg,
Valerie Stock,
Andreas F. Thünemann,
Linn Voß,
Valerie Stock,
Valerie Stock,
Valerie Stock,
Valerie Stock,
Valerie Stock,
Linda Böhmert,
Linn Voß,
Valerie Stock,
Holger Sieg,
Albert Braeuning
Linda Böhmert,
Valerie Stock,
Valerie Stock,
Holger Sieg,
Holger Sieg,
Andreas F. Thünemann,
Holger Sieg,
Linda Böhmert,
Holger Sieg,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Valerie Stock,
Linda Böhmert,
Andreas F. Thünemann,
Valerie Stock,
Elisa Hoché,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Valerie Stock,
Valerie Stock,
Elisa Hoché,
Andreas F. Thünemann,
Albert Braeuning
Albert Braeuning
Linda Böhmert,
Albert Braeuning
Valerie Stock,
Linda Böhmert,
Valerie Stock,
Albert Braeuning
Valerie Stock,
Valerie Stock,
Linda Böhmert,
Linn Voß,
Linda Böhmert,
Linn Voß,
Albert Braeuning
Albert Braeuning
Holger Sieg,
Holger Sieg,
Holger Sieg,
Albert Braeuning
Linn Voß,
Linn Voß,
Linn Voß,
Linn Voß,
Albert Braeuning
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Andreas F. Thünemann,
Andreas F. Thünemann,
Linn Voß,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Linn Voß,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Holger Sieg,
Linda Böhmert,
Holger Sieg,
Albert Braeuning
Albert Braeuning
Albert Braeuning
Andreas F. Thünemann,
Albert Braeuning
Albert Braeuning
Holger Sieg,
Holger Sieg,
Albert Braeuning
Holger Sieg,
Holger Sieg,
Holger Sieg,
Albert Braeuning
Linn Voß,
Holger Sieg,
Linda Böhmert,
Linn Voß,
Holger Sieg,
Holger Sieg,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Linda Böhmert,
Holger Sieg,
Albert Braeuning
Summary
Researchers tested four types of iron oxide nanoparticles — including the food additive E172 (iron oxide pigment) — on human intestinal and liver cells, finding that the particles largely resisted absorption across the gut but caused cell death and mitochondrial damage in liver cells at higher concentrations. The results highlight that nanoparticle safety must be evaluated case by case, as physical properties alone don't reliably predict toxicity.
Iron oxide nanoparticles gain increasing attention due to their broad industrial use. However, safety concerns exist since their effects on human cells are still under investigation. The presence of iron oxide nanoparticles in the food pigment E172 has been shown recently. Here, we studied four iron oxide nanoparticles, one food pigment E172 and the ionic control FeSO<sub>4</sub> regarding dissolution in biological media, uptake and transport, and cellular effects in vitro in human intestinal Caco-2 and HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. The iron oxide nanoparticles passed the gastrointestinal passage without dissolution and reached the intestine in the form of particles. Minor uptake was seen into Caco-2 cells but almost no transport to the basolateral site was detected for any of the tested particles. HepaRG cells showed higher particle uptake. Caco-2 cells showed no alterations in reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, or mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas two particles induced apoptosis in HepaRG cells, and one altered mitochondrial membrane potential at non-cytotoxic concentrations. No correlation between physicochemical particle characteristics and cellular effects was observed, thus emphasizing the need for case-by-case assessment of iron oxide nanoparticles.