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Occurrence, effect, and fate of residual microplastics in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge: A state-of-the-art review
Summary
This review assessed the occurrence, behavior, and fate of microplastics in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge, finding that MPs survive digestion largely intact but can affect methane production and microbial community composition, and that digestate land application remains a major pathway for releasing sludge-retained MPs to soil.
The plastic products have large consumption over last decades, resulting in a serious microplastics (MPs) pollution. Specially, the main removal way of MPs from wastewater is to transfer MPs from liquid to solid phase, leading to its enrichment in waste activated sludge (WAS). Anaerobic digestion has been served as the most potential technique to achieve both resource recovery and sludge reduction, herein this review provides current information on occurrence, effect, and fate of MPs in anaerobic digestion of WAS. The effects of MPs on WAS anaerobic digestion are greatly related to forms, particles sizes, contents, compositions and leachates of MPs. Also, the presence of MPs not only can change the effects of other pollutants on anaerobic digestion of WAS, but also can affect the fates of them. Besides, the future perspectives focused on the fate, effect and final removal of MPs during WAS anaerobic digestion process are outlined.
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