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Mikroplastik Pada Sedimen di Zona Pemukiman, Zona Perlindungan Bahari dan Zona Pemanfaatan Darat Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara
Summary
This Indonesian study investigated microplastic types and abundances in sediments across different zones of the Karimunjawa National Park, comparing residential, marine protected, and buffer zones. The results show that even protected marine areas in Indonesia are not immune to microplastic contamination.
Karimunjawa merupakan salah satu kawasan Taman Nasional yang terdapat di Indonesia yang terdiri dari pulau-pulau dan terbagi menjadi beberapa zona yang disesuaikan menurut fungsi dan peruntukkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen di zona pemukiman, zona pemanfaatan darat, dan zona perlindungan bahari Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Sampel sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan pipa di 3 lokasi yaitu Pelabuhan Perintis, Legon Lele, dan Cemara Kecil. Sampel dikeringkan kemudian dipisahkan berdasakan ukuran butir menggunakan sieve shaker. Sedimen yang terjebak dalam sieve ukuran 0,3 dan 0,1 mm direndam dalam H2O2 30% selama 24 jam selanjutnya mikroplastik dipisahkan dari sedimen dengan 100 ml ZnCl2 densitas 1,5 g/cm-3 kemudian disaring dengan menggunakan kerta Whatman No. 40. Mikroplastik diamati bentuk, warna, dan jumlah menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran 100x dan diidentifikasi secara visual. Jenis mikroplastik ditentukan dengan Uji FT-IR. Hasil menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada lokasi Legon Lele dengan jumlah sebesar 340 partikel/kg, pada Pelabuhan Perintis sebanyak 245 partikel/kg, dan pada Cemara Kecil sebanyak 245 partikel/kg. Bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu fragment, film, dan fiber. Jenis mikroplastik diduga yaitu HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene (PP), Polystrene (PS), ABS, Latex, LDPE, Nitrile, dan Nylon. Karimunjawa is one of the National Park areas in Indonesia which consists of islands and is divided into zones which are adjusted according to their function and purpose. This study aims to determine the type and abundance of microplastics in sediments in residential zones, land use zones, and marine protection zones of the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara. Sediment samples were taken using pipes in 3 locations, namely Perintis Harbor, Legon Lele, and Cemara Kecil. The sample is dried and then separated based on grain size using a sieve shaker. Sediments trapped in 0.3 and 0.1 mm sieve sizes were soaked in 30% H2O2 for 24 hours and then microplastic was separated from sediments with 100 ml of ZnCl2 density 1.5 g / cm-3 then filtered using Whatman No. kerta 40. Microplastic observed shapes, colors, and quantities using a light microscope with a magnification of 100x and identified visually. Microplastic type was determined by FT-IR Test. The results showed the highest microplastic abundance was found at the Legon Lele location with an abundance of 340 particles / kg, at the Port of Pioneer as much as 245 particles / kg, and at Cemara Kecil as much as 245 particles / kg. Microplastic forms found are fragments, films, and fibers. Microplastic types are suspected namely HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene (PP), Polystrene (PS), ABS, Latex, LDPE, Nitrile, and Nylon.
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