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Separation and enrichment of nanoplastics in environmental water samples via ultracentrifugation

Water Research 2021 73 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 45 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
Huiwen Cai, Mengdi Chen, Fangni Du, Sara Matthews, Huahong Shi

Summary

An ultracentrifugation protocol was developed and validated for separating and concentrating nanoplastics from environmental water samples, enabling detection of particles below 100 nm that are otherwise lost during conventional filtration-based processing, and revealing nanoplastics in river water samples at concentrations not previously quantified.

Polymers
Study Type Environmental

Nanoplastics are an emerging contaminant in aquatic environments. However, analytical methods for the separation, concentration, and identification of nanoplastics, which are essential to assess nanoplastic presence in the environment, are lacking. Here, we developed a new and easy-to-use method to separate and enrich nanoplastics in field water samples with ultracentrifugation. River water was spiked with polystyrene fragments (< 1000 nm) at an environmentally relevant concentration (10-10 particles/L). The polystyrene fragments were successfully separated and enriched by a factor of nearly 50 times with a high recovery rate (87.1%) after undergoing our process. Particles were then characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and enhanced darkfield microscopy with a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) spectrometer. These techniques are non-destructive and allow the assessment of plastic concentration, morphology, and polymer type. Our method can potentially be applied to other water samples to supply clean, enriched nanoplastic samples that can facilitate their identification in environmental samples.

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