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Influence of type and size of microplastics on adsorption of pharmaceutics
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This Croatian thesis examined how microplastic type and size affect the adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto plastic surfaces. The study found that adsorption capacity varied significantly depending on polymer type and particle size, with implications for pharmaceutical transport in aquatic environments.
Plastika ima vrlo značajnu ulogu u svakodnevnom životu ljudi. Zbog dobrih svojstava, kao što su niska cijena i velika iskoristivost, ista postaje ključan materijal današnjice pa se tako koristi za izradu ambalaže, medicinskog pribora, dijelova vozila, itd. Međutim, loše upravljanje plastičnim otpadom dovodi do nastanka mikroplastike (MP) koja postaje jedna od glavnih onečišćujućih tvari u vodenim ekosustavima. Također, problem u vodenim ekosustavima predstavljaju i farmaceutici, predstavnici skupine „novih onečišćivala“. Zbog sve veće potrebe za korištenjem, isti dospijevaju u okoliš na razne načine. Jedan od najčešće detektiranih farmaceutika u okolišu je diklofenak (DCF). Farmaceutici se mogu adsorbirati na površinu mikroplastike i tako ući u hranidbeni lanac te uzrokovati još veće probleme za okoliš i zdravlje ljudi. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti utjecaj vrste i veličine čestica mikroplastike na adsorpciju farmaceutika. Plastika je prethodno izložena kombiniranom starenju pod utjecajem topline i UV zračenja tijekom 14, 28 i 42 dana. Primjenom metode odzivnih površina ispitan je utjecaj različitih procesnih parametara te stupnja starosti mikroplastike na odziv procesa adsorpcije. Pri uvjetima pri kojima je postignut maksimalni stupanj adsorpcije, ispitana je kinetika procesa, a termodinamički aspekt obuhvaćen je određivanjem adsorpcijskih izotermi. Nadalje, predložen je i mehanizam adsorpcije s obzirom na prethodno provedenu karakterizaciju uzoraka površine mikroplastike. Na kraju je provedeno i ispitivanje toksičnosti uzoraka kako bi se utvrdila štetnost sustava mikroplastike u interakciji s farmaceutikom. Ovim radom utvrđeno je da su degradaciji skloniji materijali koji su duže izlagani starenju, a rezultat je najveći udio čestica najmanjih dimenzija u odnosu na uzorke koji su kraće izlagani starenju. Također, ustanovljeno je da je maksimalni odziv ostvaren primjenom materijala koji je najduže izložen starenju. Termodinamički parametri upućuju na to da da je adsorpcijski proces u oba slučaja (boce i folije) spontan te da se radi o fizisorpciji. Testom toksičnosti utvrđeno je da je sustav MP + DCF toksičniji od samog DCF-a te da uzorak boce u većoj mjeri inhibira rast mikroalgi od uzorka folije.
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