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Quantitively Analyzing the Variation of Micrometer-Sized Microplastic during Water Treatment with the Flow Cytometry-Fluorescent Beads Method
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Researchers developed a flow cytometry-fluorescent bead method for quantitatively measuring the removal of micrometer-sized microplastics during water treatment processes, demonstrating a rapid and reliable analytical approach for evaluating treatment plant efficiency.
Microplastic pollution has aroused surging concerns, while methods for quantitively analyzing the removal of microplastic in water treatment are insufficient. Herein, a flow cytometry (FCM)-fluorescent beads (FB) method was developed for evaluating the removal of micrometer-sized microplastic in water treatment. Commercial fluorescently labeled polystyrene beads (Φ = 3 μm) were spiked into water to mimic microplastic, and FCM was used for quantitive determination. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the amount of spiked microplastics and detected signals in pure water, surface water, and wastewater treatment plant effluent surpassed 0.99. For the removal of microplastics by different coagulants (50 mg/L) at pH 7.0, the removal ratio of microplastics by FeCl3 and polyaluminum chloride was significantly higher than that by polyferric sulfate, alum, Al2(SO4)3, and FeSO4. Over 85% of the polystyrene beads (1.5 × 105 pieces/L) were removed by 50 mg/L of FeCl3 or polyaluminum chloride, and the removal effect was correlated with the size of the floc formed in the hydrolyzation of the coagulants. Filtration was less effective for the removal of microplastics, and the removal efficiency was below 66% when using six kinds of conventional filter materials. Ferrate oxidation was more effective for microplastic removal, as over 93.7% of polystyrene beads (1.5 × 105 pieces/L) were removed by 5 mg/L of ferrate (as Fe) at pH 7.0. The FCM-FB method can be a paradigm for studying the removal of micrometer-sized microplastics in water treatment procedures.
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Evaluating theEfficiency of Enhanced Coagulationfor Nanoplastics Removal Using Flow Cytometry
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Researchers evaluated the efficiency of enhanced coagulation for removing nanoplastics from water using flow cytometry as a quantification tool, addressing the interconnected challenges of nanoplastic removal and detection in conventional water treatment systems.
Flow Cytometry as a Rapid Alternative to Quantify Small Microplastics in Environmental Water Samples
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Researchers developed a flow cytometry method using fluorescent staining to rapidly detect and quantify small microplastics (1-50 micrometers) in environmental water samples, achieving over 80% recovery rates and significantly reducing analysis time compared to traditional microscopy.
A novel high-throughput analytical method to quantify microplastics in water by flow cytometry
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Researchers developed a faster, high-throughput method using flow cytometry — a technology that rapidly counts and characterizes particles in liquid — to measure microplastics in water, achieving about 97% accuracy across multiple plastic types and sizes and offering a practical alternative to slow, labor-intensive microscopy-based counting.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Enhanced Coagulation for Nanoplastics Removal Using Flow Cytometry
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Flow cytometry was used to quantify fluorescently labeled nanoplastics removal during enhanced coagulation-flocculation water treatment, demonstrating that this technique enables accurate detection and process optimization for nanoplastic removal in drinking water treatment.
Flow cytometry as a tool for the rapid enumeration of 1-μm microplastics spiked in wastewater and activated sludge after coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation
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Researchers used flow cytometry to rapidly count one-micrometer microplastic particles spiked into wastewater and activated sludge after coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation treatment. They found that aluminum salt-based coagulation removed a significant portion of these very small particles, though removal rates varied depending on the water matrix. The study demonstrates that flow cytometry can be a fast and reliable tool for quantifying micro-nanoplastics in complex wastewater samples.
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