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Visual comparison of microplastic counts in lavage and gastrointestinal tract samples of cowbirds.

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Researchers compared microplastic counts recovered from gastric lavage samples against those found in dissected gastrointestinal tracts of cowbirds, demonstrating the relationship between lavage recovery rates and total microplastic burden per individual bird.

Body Systems

(A) Relationship between the total number of microplastics recovered from lavage samples and the number of microplastics present in dissected gastrointestinal tracts of the same individuals. Each point represents one bird; the solid line shows the best-fit linear regression between the two measures. (B) Individual recovery rates for lavage samples, calculated as the proportion of microplastics recovered relative to the total count per bird.

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Multi-level pie chart demonstrating the proportion of microplastics found in gastric lavage and GI samples.

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This supplementary figure presents a multi-level pie chart showing the proportional distribution of microplastic shapes recovered from gastric lavage samples versus dissected gastrointestinal tracts in cowbirds, visually comparing the two collection methods.

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Researchers tested non-lethal gastric lavage in 105 Brown-headed Cowbirds and found it recovered only an average of 50.4% of total ingested microplastics — with wide individual variability (0–100%) — concluding the technique provides unreliable estimates of total microplastic body burden.

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Researchers tested wild terrestrial birds in the USA for microplastics using two methods: examining digestive tracts from dead birds and collecting droppings from live, released birds. Both methods found microplastics, with dropping samples detecting lower but comparable amounts. Microplastic levels varied more by individual bird than by diet, foraging habits, or body size.

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