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Distribution and translocation of micro- and nanoplastics in fish
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This review summarizes research on how micro- and nanoplastics distribute and move through fish bodies, from the gut to organs like the liver, brain, and muscle tissue. Researchers found that nanoplastics are especially concerning because they can cross biological barriers, enter the bloodstream, and even pass to the next generation. The findings highlight the potential for plastic particles consumed by fish to move up the food chain to humans.
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are regarded as emerging particulate contaminants. Here, we first summarize the distribution of plastic particles in fish. Field investigations verify the presence of various kinds of fibrous, spherical, and fragmentary MPs in fish gastrointestinal tract and gills, and specifically in muscle and liver. Laboratory works demonstrate that NPs even penetrate into blood vessels of fish and pass onto next generations. Second, we systematically discuss the translocation ability of MPs and NPs in fish. MPs can enter early-developing fish through adherence, and enter adult fish internal organs by intestine absorption or epidermis infiltration. NPs can not only penetrate into fish embryo blastopores, but also reach adult fish internal organs through blood circulation. Third, the cellular basis for translocation of plastic particles, NPs in particular, into cells are critically reviewed. Endocytosis and paracellular penetration are two main pathways for them to enter cells and intercellular space, respectively. Finally, we compare the chemical and physical properties among various particular pollutants (MPs, NPs, settleable particulate matters, and manufactured nanomaterials) and their translocation processes at different biological levels. In future studies, it is urgent to break through the bottleneck techniques for NPs quantification in field environmental matrix and organisms, re-confirm the existence of MPs and NPs in field organisms, and develop more detailed translocating mechanisms of MPs and NPs by applying cutting-edge tracking techniques.
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This systematic review examines how nanoplastics (extremely small plastic particles) affect fish, including their ability to cross biological barriers and accumulate in tissues. The findings are relevant to human health because fish are a major dietary protein source, and understanding how plastics move through aquatic food chains helps us assess our own exposure risks.
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Data Sheet 1_A systematic review of the effects of nanoplastics on fish.pdf
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This systematic review summarizes existing research on how nanoplastics (the smallest plastic particles) affect fish. It found that nanoplastics can cross biological barriers, accumulate in fish tissues, and cause toxic effects, raising concerns about contamination moving up the food chain to humans.
Tracing microplastics in fish: Uptake, translocation, and multidimensional biological impacts
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This review pulls together existing research on how microplastics move through fish—from what they eat, into their organs and cells, and how it affects their growth, behavior, and immune health. Since fish are a major food source for humans, understanding how microplastics build up in their bodies helps scientists figure out whether—and how much—these tiny plastic particles might be making their way onto our dinner plates. The paper doesn't prove human harm, but it lays the groundwork for better monitoring and future research into that question.
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