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Mepanipyrim and cyprodinil induce divergent temporal patterns of AhR-mediated responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae
Summary
This study examined how two fungicides (mepanipyrim and cyprodinil) commonly found in food and water affect zebrafish embryos through the AhR signaling pathway, which regulates responses to toxic chemicals. Both fungicides triggered AhR-related toxicity in zebrafish at different time points. These findings are relevant to understanding the effects of agricultural chemical residues in aquatic environments on fish development.
Abstract Mepanipyrim and cyprodinil are widely used to control and/or prevent fungal diseases in fruit culture. They are widely detected in aquatic environment and numerous food commodities including fruit and fruit products. Different from TCDD, mepanipyrim and cyprodinil are more easily degraded and metabolized in the environment. However, the in vivo analysis of their metabolic dynamics is unclear and need to be further confirmed. In this study, zebrafish embryos were constantly exposed to 100 µg/L mepanipyrim or cyprodinil for 7 days. The temporal pattern of CYP1A and AhR2 expression and EROD enzyme activity at different time frames during embryonic and larval development of zebrafish were investigated. Our results showed that mepanipyrim and cyprodinil tend to accumulate in zebrafish during early embryonic developmental stages. Meanwhile, mepanipyrim and cyprodinil exposure could increase the expression level of cyp1a and ahr2 genes and EROD activity by a dynamic pattern in different developmental stages of zebrafish. Besides, their metabolites, which may accumulate in the zebrafish larvae, have strong AhR agonistic activity and showed strong AhR binding ability. Importantly, the risk of exposure to pesticides in embryo stage is huge, and should be paid more attention.
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