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Marine & Wildlife
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Evaluation of single and combined effects of mancozeb and metalaxyl on the transcriptional and biochemical response of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology2023
31 citations
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Score: 50
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Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mahdi Banaee,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Shiva Sagvand,
Shiva Sagvand,
Mahdi Banaee,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mohammad Amin Amini,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mahdi Banaee,
Caterina Faggio
Mahdi Banaee,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Mahdi Banaee,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mohammad Amin Amini,
Behzad Nematdoost Haghi,
Caterina Faggio
Behzad Nematdoost Haghi,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Mentor Sopjani,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Mahdi Banaee,
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Antonio García‐Ríos,
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Caterina Faggio
Summary
Researchers exposed zebrafish to the fungicides mancozeb and metalaxyl — both commonly used on crops — either alone or combined, finding that the combination caused synergistic stress on the liver, triggering elevated detox gene activity, oxidative damage markers, and liver enzyme disruption. The results show that pesticide mixtures can be more harmful to aquatic animals than either chemical alone, raising concerns for ecosystems near agricultural areas.
Mancozeb and metalaxyl are fungicidal agents frequently used in combination to control fungi in crops that may affect non-target organisms when entering ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate the environmental effects of Mancozeb (MAN) and Metalaxyl (MET), alone and in combination, on zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an experimental model. The oxidative stress biomarkers and the transcription of genes involved in detoxification in zebrafish (Danio rerio) were assessed after co-exposure to MAN (0, 5.5, and 11 μg L<sup>-1</sup>) and MET (0, 6.5, and 13 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) for 21 days. Exposure to MAN and MET induced a significant increase in the expression of genes related to detoxification mechanisms (Ces2, Cyp1a, and Mt2). Although Mt1 gene expression increased in fish exposed to 11 μg L<sup>-1</sup> of MAN combined with 13 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of MET, Mt1 expression was down-regulated significantly in other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The combined exposure to both fungicides showed synergistic effects in the expression levels that are manifested mainly at the highest concentration. Although a significant (p < 0.05) increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transaminases (AST and ALT), catalase activities, the total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the hepatocytes of fish exposed to MAN and MET alone and in combination was detected, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, and hepatic glycogen content decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Overall, these results emphasize that combined exposure to MET and MAN can synergistically affect the transcription of genes involved in detoxification (except Mt1 and Mt2) and biochemical indicators in zebrafish.