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Biodegradation of LDPE Plastic by Aspergillus niger and Pleurotus sp.
Original title: BIODEGRADASI PLASTIK LDPE OLEH Aspergillus niger DAN Pleurotus sp.
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This Indonesian-language study investigated the biodegradation of LDPE plastic by two fungi — Aspergillus niger and Pleurotus sp. The research evaluated fungal capacity to break down this common plastic polymer as a biological approach to reducing plastic waste in the environment.
Pencemaran lingkungan oleh sampah plastik masih menjadi isu yang tidak berkesudahan karena mengakibatkan biota laut tercemar dan kontaminasi dalam tanah. Penanganan mengenai sampah plastik yang efektif dan efisien dalam berbagai aspek, salah satunya dalam aspek biologis sangat diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kemampuan mikroorganisme kapang Aspergillus niger dan jamur Pleurotus sp. dalam mendegradasi plastik LDPE (low density polyethylene). Kultur A. niger dan Pleurotus sp. diinokulasi ke dalam tabung reaksi menggunakan jarum ose. Setelah jamur tumbuh, diinokulasi kembali ke dalam erlenmeyer yang berisikan media molase sebanyak 20 ml. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan plastik jenis LDPE dengan massa per perlakuan sebesar 1 gram dengan ukuran 1×1 cm yang dimasukkan ke labu erlenmeyer berisi molase dan isolat jamur yang telah dikultur sebelumnya. Massa plastik diamati setiap minggu bersamaan dengan perhitungan populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan massa plastik yang paling optimal terjadi pada isolat A. niger, dengan persentase penurunan mulai dari minggu kedua sebesar 0,95% dari total penurunan hingga 1,93% di minggu ketiga. Sementara pada isolat Pleurotus sp. mengalami penurunan yang konstan pada minggu pertama hingga kedua, dan penurunan massa plastik terjadi secara drastis di minggu ke tiga dan ke empat dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 1,05% dengan nilai tertinggi 2,23% pada minggu ke empat. A. niger dan Pleurotus sp. mempengaruhi penurunan persentase turunnya degradasi plastik LDPE, masing-masing sebesar 4.41% dan 2.23%.
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