Acute Exposure to Microplastics Induces Metabolic Disturbances and Gut Dysbiosis Through Impaired Gut-Liver-Brain Axis in Adult Zebrafish (Danio Rerio)

Physiological Alterations and Immune Modulation in Fish Exposed to Microplastics

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Researchers reviewed the physiological and immunological effects of microplastic exposure in fish, finding that these particles smaller than 5 mm induce a range of biological disruptions including immune modulation, oxidative stress, and systemic health impacts with broader implications for aquatic ecosystem integrity.

Oxidative damage and intestinal microbial imbalance induced by polystyrene microplastics and cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Recent advances of microplastics toxicity and fate on zebrafish-a review

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This review synthesizes evidence on how micro- and nanoplastics cause developmental, reproductive, gastrointestinal, and oxidative stress toxicity in zebrafish, positioning the species as a valuable vertebrate model for understanding plastic pollutant effects across trophic levels. Zebrafish research is accelerating mechanistic understanding of how microplastics harm vertebrate biology, providing insights relevant to assessing risks for fish-eating wildlife and humans.

Feeding, excretion, survival, and histological alterations in zebrafish Danio rerio from single and combined exposure to microplastics and copper

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Researchers exposed zebrafish to microplastics and copper individually and in combination over 14 days, finding that combined exposure caused the most severe histological damage across multiple organ systems including skin, gills, intestine, liver, and kidneys, while microplastic excretion rates declined over time and copper tissue levels were unaffected by co-exposure.