Toward the review on sustainable elimination of microplastics: Materials, strategies, and advantages

Abstract Innovative approaches are becoming increasingly important in the management and treatment of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs). However, many emerging strategies face challenges such as complex synthesis and modifications, high costs, and the risk of secondary pollution, limiting their practical applications. Recently, sustainable strategies utilizing natural products have been explored for microplastic removal, leading to the development of various materials, including sponges, gels, emulsions, floccules, enzymes, and microorganisms. These materials not only address the limitations of conventional methods but also offer advantages such as simple preparation, low‐cost, and enhanced safety. This work begins by discussing the presence of MNPs in common food resources, followed by an overview of their pathways into the human body. The review then explores the development of sustainable materials and methods for MNPs elimination, with a focus on their mechanisms, functionalities, advantages, and limitations. Finally, attention is given to public policy directions, future scientific challenges, and opportunities, aiming to inspire further research and practical applications.